Recognizing Organizational Culture in Managing Change Essay Example for Free

Recognizing Organizational Culture in Managing Change EssayIn order to ask lots of questions closely the influence of the social system, that is to say, the surrounding conditions of the organization on its ability to soak up like a towel and gain invention of in the buffly things, a having to do with figuring out. The quality of things without measuring them with numbers research was carried out to define the measuring tool for the or so important things of this particular of surrounding conditions for the acknowledgment and acceptance of e- cultivation in teachers or professors(Bu Divjak, 2016). In the development of devices that make music, the examples of the development of devices that make music were used that ar designed only for research in information sciences, such as for example, the development of a measuring instrument for evaluating the performance of e-Portfolio.It is generally admitted to that educational change benefits from a supportive surrounding condi tion. ethnical influences are a key issue when thinking about the invention of new things and change processes. Organizational culture is a key factor that influences instructional inventions of new things that the success of any something big and important that changes peoples thinking or lives effort may well depend on the finale to which organizational culture issues can be talked to(Zhu Engels, 2014). Previous research has examined the influence of organizational culture on organizational inventions of new things. Studies point to new things is most likely to happen in organizations that have integrative structures draw attention to many different kinds of people or things, and team effort and teamwork. Yet the findings of the antecedent research are mixed with little believable information that proves something related to the role of specific organizational culture features in adopting instructional invention of new things in college.Students who come to a related to school and learning subroutine library meet with a variety of spaces that influence their learning and behavior. The library has two types of spaces which are shared and social. Shared spaces are places where students are involved in single, hardworking with schoolwork, and thoughtful study surrounded by other students. Students work at assembly and noisy work with other students in social spaces. The idea of library spaces for different types for different student needs and supports the idea which is that students need separate spaces for the types of learning and behavior connected with the ability to create elicit new things and invention of new things (Bieraugel Neill, 2017). Ideas of library space when designing learning spaces in a library is extremely important to think about what types of behavior the design will bring out. Library design, as seen through the lens of the science of nerves and the brain, is interesting and suggests/says that library space is just like productive research surrounding conditions in helping the ability to create interesting new things and invention of new things. Bennett notes that Google, Twitter, Facebook, and other companies also aim to create productive research surrounding conditions within settings to help grow invention of new things and critical thinking be it in the lobby or a quiet corner.Environmental education can help increase problem-solving skills, very important thinking and action-oriented in relation to central and practical problems that are combined in nature(Fauville, Lantz-Andersson, Slj, 2014). Co-operative processes of question or investigation into an action on real related to surrounding conditions or the health of the Earth issues where students should be put in the position of active thinkers prepared to act in response to issues in partnership with fellow students. such(prenominal) learning also involves understanding how to approach, plan and analyze complex issues and where to turn for clearly connected or related knowledge, and not only the reproduction of what is already known although in different difference fields of study. In such settings, student-active and problem-based instructional approaches have been argued as providing a good big picture in which to develop knowledge. So, the science of teaching and way of thinking behind environmental education can be thought of as challenging traditional approaches to schooling, which instruction on learning of true knowledge presented in the classroom by the teacher in order to solve problems with an already existing, single and correct solution. traditionalistic education is also highly broken-up in terms of fields of study and is based on abstract problems, with students put in the rather allowing something to happen without reacting or trying to stop it a position of simply reproducing information and standard procedures.

Steel Economics Commentary Essay Example for Free

Steel Economics Commentary EssayAround the world, nerve suppliers ar cutting production levels as take up for the trade good is rapidly decreasing. Due to the recent global recession, people are delaying depraveing cars and houses, both of which are products that are predominantly made of stain. More specific completelyy, ArcelorMittal, the worlds largest steel producer will be cutting production by more than 30% in atomic number 63 and U.S.A, resulting in an estimated $2.5 billion loss in the fourth quarter. Companies like Steel Authority of India Ltd. were forced to reduce their determines by 6000 rupees ($126) a ton in position to increase demand for the commodity, as people do not have the money to buy steel anymore. The extent of this issue has risen to the point where slightly steel producers are temporarily shutting down factories, and stopping the purchase of novel slabs of steel, like ThyssenKrupp AG, who is Germanys biggest producer. Thus, as a result of the leftward shift in demand for steel, out-of-pocket to reduced consumer incomes, supply has been forced to the right.PriceQuantityDue to the decreased demand for steel, there is an excess amount of the commodity (Homogenous goods that are raw materials in critical industries)1. One solution for dealing with this excess amount of steel is by controlling supply (the quantity of goods and services that producers are impulsive and able to produce for a given time period, ceteris paribus)2 to fit the new level of demand (the quantity of goods and services that consumers are willing and able to buy at all prices, for a given time period, ceteris paribus)3, which some large firms, like ArcelorMittal, are already doing. Although, another solution for steel producers is to manufacture the commodity at the same level at which they were before the global recession, and store the surplus product until the demand and price of steel rise.This solution is based near a buffer stock scheme (A form of intervention to try to steady the price of a commodity. Stocks of the commodity are kept and sold when the price is high to try to reduce it. When the price is low further stocks of the commodity are bought)4. The borderline social benefits (incremental benefit of an activity as viewed by the hunting lodge and expressed as the sum of marginal external benefit and marginal private benefit)5 of implementing a buffer stock scheme would be price stability, and sparing growth.By storing the extra steel, if in the future, when the world comes out of the recession, there would ever be a shortage (which would result in high prices and lower demand), prices would stabilize as the large firms would then be able to sell the stored steel back into the market. This would not only benefit consumers, as the price of steel would lower, further also firms, as the quantity demanded for steel would go up (resulting in a rightward shift of the demand curve), due to the previous deliberate incre ase in quantity supplied thus creating more revenue.PriceOutputAlso, since the demand for steel will eventually rise, and the firms will have a plentiful amount of it stored, steel producers will be able to make a greater profit off the commodity, as compared to the present situation where the steel is being sold for some(prenominal) less than its actual value. This will result in economic growth for steel companies, and the world, as people will start to invest in these companies again, due to the ready amount of steel on the market. These advantages, price stability and future economic growth, both contribute to a firms main goal, to maximize revenue.In conclusion, the marginal social costs (the cost incurred by both the firm and society in producing each extra unit of a good)6 of setting up a buffer stock scheme would be, the hefty amount of start-up capital, the costs of storage, and the fear of scare buyers when the recession ends. Although these MSCs are all major financial c oncerns, the MSBs outweigh them, as people will be eager to invest in the steel companies, buy new houses and cars, and begin new construction projects (eliminates the fear of scarce buyers). These actions all require steel, meaning thereby that the total revenue generated through this surplus of steel will be greater than the start-up capital, and the storage costs.1 Notes Commodity Markets twenty-ninth September, 20082 Notes The law of Supply September 24th, 20083 Notes The Law of Demand September 17th 20084http//www.bized.co.uk/cgi-bin/glossarydb/browse.pl?glostopic=0glosid=11215 http//www.bized.co.uk/cgi-bin/glossarydb/browse.pl?glostopic=1glosid=6536 http//www.businessdictionary.com/definition/marginal-social-benefit.html

Biological Significance of BST2 Overexpression in OSCC

Biological Significance of BST2 Over human face in OSCCOver grammatical construction of BST2 is associated with nodal metastasis and poorer prognosis in oral cavity cancerABSTRACT verifiable Bone mettle stromal cell antigen 2 (BST2) was one of the proteins which were tack related to neoplasm metastasis in our previous proteomic study. Now we want to examine its clinical share on the oral cavity squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC).Study Design Individual retrospective cohort study and basic research.Methods Immunohistochemical analysis, Western blotting, and quantitative real-time polymerase grasp reaction were used to demonstrate the panorama levels of BST2 on 159 OSCC tumors. RNA interference was utilized for cell migration and proliferation study in vitro.Results BST2 expression was significantly higher in OSCC cells of metastatic lymph nodes and primary tumor cells, compared to adjacent normal epithelia. Higher BST2 expression was associated with positive N stage, advanced oeral l stage, perineural invasion, and tumor depth (P = 0.049, 0.015, 0.021, and 0.010, respectively). OSCC patients with higher BST2 expression had poorer prognosis for disease-specific and disease-free survival (P = 0.009 and 0.001, respectively). Multivariate analyses also demonstrated that higher BST2 expression is an independent prognostic factor of disease-specific and disease-free survival (P = 0.047 and 0.013, respectively). In-vitro suppression of BST2 expression in OEC-M1 cells showed that BST2 contributes to tumor migration of OSCC cells.Conclusions The findings in this study indicate that BST2 expression in OSCC tumors is an independent prognostic factor of patient survival and associated with tumor metastasis.Keywords oral cancer head and do it BST2 metastasis OSCC tumor marker squamous cell carcinoma.Level of evidence NAIntroductionOral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common head-and-neck cancer worldwide and body a difficult malignancy to treat because of approximate 50% mortality rates in spite of recent advances in the contemporary management over the past trey decades.1-4 Cervical lymph node dissemination has been long regarded as one of the major poor prognosticators in patient with OSCC and is a major obstruction to OSCC management. 5-8 Previously, some transcriptomic studies analyzing OSCC tumors have established the expression signatures of OSCC metastasis.9-13 On the another(prenominal) hand, our group also used a proteomic approach by isobaric tags for congenator and absolute quantitation to point proteins that are differentially expressed amid laser capture microdissected primary and metastatic OSCC tumors and some potential markers of OSCC metastasis were therefore discovered.14 From the candidate proteins derived from by this approach, operating system marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST2) was identified as one of the potential molecules associated with OSCC metastasis and need further validation in the clinical scenario.14The BST2 gene is located on chromosome 19p13.2 and codes for a 35kDa trans membrane glycoprotein consisting 180 amino acids. It is also known as the HM1.24 antigen, CD317, and tetherin.15,16 BST2 has been found to be expressed on mature B cells but not on other normal tissues of health individuals.15 The BST2 overexpression has been identified in several cancer types such as multiple myeloma, endometrial cancer, gastric cancer, and glioblastoma multiforme.17-23 Moreover, BST2 was discovered associated with the tumor patterned advance and metastasis by previous findings from the pancreatic endocrine tumors with liver metastases and the breast cancers with bone metastasis.24,25 In vitro, overexpression of BST2 increased invasion, migration, cell proliferation and apoptosis evasion in breast cancer cells.26,27 Thus, based on the findings of these previous studies and our proteomic discovery, we also hypothesized that BST2 is overexpressed in OSCC and plays a specific role i n tumor cell modulation. Accordingly, our study is designed to investigate the expression and the role of BST2 in the OSCC tumors. Immunohistochemical analysis and quantitative real-time PCR were used to demonstrate the expression levels of BST2 on OSCC tumors. We also employed RNAi techniques to suppress the BST2 expression to investigate the set up of BST2 modulation on the OSCC cell line in vitro.Materials and MethodsPatient Characteristics and Clinical SpecimensOne houndred and thirty-eight male and 21 female were diagnosed as OSCC patients at the Chang Gung annals Hospital (Tao-Yuan, Taiwan) between 2002 and 2007 and enrolled in this study. Patient age at diagnosis ranged from 22.0 to 84.0 years (mean, 51.912.3). The associated subsites of the oral cavity were buccal mucosa (62 patients), gum (21), hard roof of the mouth (5), lip (5), floor of the mouth (5), and tongue (61). Patients with at least one of the following conditions were considered ineligible unresectable or inop erable cancer, other primary cancer (synchronous or metachronous), recurrent cancer, distant metastasis, prior history of malignancy, treatment with neoadjuvant therapy, medical contraindication for surgery, or individuals lost to follow-up. Lesions diagnosed as carcinoma in situ, verrucous carcinoma or a histologically basaloid subtype were also not included in the study. All patients provided informed consent prior to study participation, and the study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. Patients underwent sample preoperative work-ups according to institutional guidelines, including detailed medical history, complete physical examination, computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging scans of the head and neck, chest radiographs, bone scan, and abdominal ultrasound. Primary tumors were excised with adequate margins under intraoperative frozen section operate. Surgical defects were immediately reconstructed via free flap or local fl ap by plastic surgeons, if necessary. Following surgical treatment, pathological TNM classification of all tumors was established according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging manual (2007). afterwards discharge, all patients had regular follow-up visits every 2 months for the first year, every 3 months for the second year, and every 6 months thereafter.28-30RNA Extraction and quantifiable Real-time RT-PCR Detection of BST2According to the manufacturers protocol, total RNA of sixty polar OSCC tumor and adjacent normal tissues was extracted and purification by employ RNAzol B reagent (Tel-Test, Friendwood, TX) and an RNeasy cleanup kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA). 5ug of total RNA was used for first-strand cDNA synthesis and then adding to a reaction mixture comprising of commercially purchasable primers (BST2 Hs00171632_m1 and calibration control B2M, Hs00984230_m1 and ACTB, Hs99999903_m1 Assay-on-Demand, Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA), TaqMan Universal PCR Mas ter Mix, and RNase-free water. 7900 HT Sequence Detection System was used for performing quantitative real-time RT-PCR and the result was analyzed with SDS interpretation 2 (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA). All experiments were repeated in duplicate, and the mean fold-change of each sample was calculated.Western blot analysisProteins were extracted from culture cells with RIPA buffer (50 mM Tris pH 8, 0.0150 mM NaCl, 2 mM EDTA, 1% Triton X-100, 0.1% SDS, 0.2 % Na-deoxylate, 1x protease cocktail (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO), and the concentrations determined using the BCA protein assay kit (Perice Biotechnology) Samples were separated on 12% SDS gels, transferred to PVDF membranes (GE Healthcare conduct Sciences, Buckinghamshire, UK), and probed using rabbit monoclonal anti-BST2 antibody (Epitomics, Burlingame, CA), mouse monoclonal beta-actin antibody (MAB1501, Chemicon, Billerica, MA), and mouse monoclonal GAPDH antibody (Novus, Littleton, CO). The beta-actin and GAPDH sig nals were used as the loading controls. Densitometer quantitation was also measured to demonstrate the relative fold differences of prtein levels.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) measurementELISA kit for human BST2 (CUSABIO, Hubei, China) was used for determining the BST2 levels in the tested samples. Human recombinant BST2 was used as the standard. Briefly, 100 l of samples or standard were added to a murine monoclonal antibody against BST2 coated microtiter plates and incubated for 2 h at dwell temperature. After the plates were washing with wash butter for three times, a biotin-conjugated polyclonal antibody was added and further incubated for 1 h at room temperature. The plates were washed three times again and 100 l of horseradish root peroxidase-avidin was added at room temperature for 1 h. After the plates were washed five times and 90 l of tetramethylbenzidine was added to each well. The reaction was terminated by adding of 2 N sulfuric acid, and the visual tight fistedness of each well was measured by a microplate reader set to 450 nm. Each experiment was performed in triplicate.Immunohistochemical StainingFor immunohistochemistry, formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues were cut into 4 m sections, deparaffinized, rehydrated, and prepared for antigen retrieval. Slides of consecutive sections were incubated with the appropriate antibodies rabbit monoclonal anti-BST2 antibody (diluted 130, Epitomics, Burlingame, CA) at room temperature for 1 hour. After incubation, slides were washed three times with phosphate buffered saline, incubated with horseradish peroxidase polymer antibody (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) at room temperature for 10 min, and developed by the addition of 3,3-Diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride (DAB) reagent (Dako, Glostrup, Denmark) as the chromogen and hematoxylin as the counterstain. A ScanScope CT automated slide-scanning system (Aperio Technologies, Vista, CA) was used for obtaining images of stained slides. concept ualisation of BST2 was reportd using a combined scoring method accounting for both percentage of stained cell s and staining volume and.31-33 Strong to ostracize staining intensities were scored from 3 to 0. For each intensity score, cells staining at that specific level were visually estimated and calculated as a percentage. The resultant combined score was calculated as the sum of the intensity scores multiplied by the percentage of stained cells. All specimens were evaluated independently by our pathologists (Liang Y and Hseuh C) who had blinded to clinical origin of the specimen.Knockdown of BST2 Using RNA Interference (RNAi)SMARTpool small interfering RNAs (siRNA) were purchased from Thermo scientific (Dharmacon, Lafayette, CO) .RNAi specifically targeting human BST2 (No. L-011817-00-0005, Dharmacon) and a go control RNAi (No. D-001810-10-05, Dharmacon) were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Rockford, IL). RNAi (at a final concentration 400 nM) was mixed with Lipofec tamine RNAiMAXTM (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) and Opti-MEM middling (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) without serum, incubated for 20 min at room temperature, and then added to OEC-M1 cells that were seeded at a density of 1 105 cells per well in six-well plates. After incubation for 6 h at 37C, transfer fresh culture forte (RPMI culture medium containing 10% FBS) was added to each well. After transfection for 48 h, cells were harvested for analysis of cell migration, and invasive capacity.Cell Proliferation AssayCell proliferation ability was determined using the methylthiazoltetrazolium (MTT) assay (Bionovas Biotechnology, Toronto, Canada). After transfection for 24 h, cells were seeded at a density of 5 x103cells/well in RPMI medium containing 10% FBS. At the end of another 48-hour incubation period, the medium was exchanged with MTT solution at a final concentration of 1 mg/mL, and cells placed in a culture incubator at 37oC for 1 h. After washing twice with PBS, cells were solubiliz ed with 0.1 ml of DMSO at 37oC for 1 h. The converted dye was measured at 540 nm. Three independent experiments were performed in quadruplicate. The average think of of the control experiment was taken as 100% proliferation, and used to calculate the percentage of cell proliferation for each treatment.Cell Migration AssayCell migration was evaluated using a chemotaxis chamber (Corning, Lowell, MA) with a polycarbonate membrane (8-m pore size) placed between the two chambers. Transfected OEC-M1 cells (1 105) in 200 l of serum free culture medium were applied to the upper chamber and 600 l of RPMI medium containing 10% FBS medium was added to the lower chamber. Chambers were incubated at 37C for 16 h, and then the membrane was fixed with methanol for 10 min and then stained with GIEMSA (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO). Cotton swab was used for removing the cells on the upper surface of the filter, and the cells which migrated through the membrane were counted in eight different visual fields under a light microscope (magnification 200x). Each migration assay was performed in triplicate during three independent experiments.Statistical summaryAll statistical data display as means SD. The significance was examined by Wilcoxon test. The Wilcoxon signed ranks test was employed for comparison of the relative signal intensity of quantitative real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining scores between paired tumor and pericancerous normal mucosa samples. All patients had regular follow-up evaluations at our department until Apr 2012 or death. Survival analysis was plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method, and differences evaluated using the log-rank test. The specific risk factors for disease-specific survival were analyzed with multivariate regression. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS software (version 9.1 SAS institute, Cary, NC). All P values were two-sided, and statistical significance accepted at PResultsOverexpression of BST2 in tumor cells of OSC C tissues.Expression of BST2 was examined by quantitative real-time RT-PCR in 60 paired OSCC tumor and adjacent normal tissues. Transcripts for BST2 were significantly elevated in OSCC tumor specimens as compared with adjacent normal tissue (155 205 vs. 38 53, P PP= 0.533 Fig. 1B), indicating that BST2 is more extremely expressed in tumor cells of metastatic lymph nodes and primary tumor cells and almost absent in normal oral epithelia.Association of BST2 expression with various clinicopathological manifestationsNext, we evaluated the relationships between increased BST2 expression and various clinicopathological characteristics of OSCC patients ( display panel 1). Higher BST2 expression was significantly associated with higher pN status, advanced overall stage, positive perineural invasion, and greater tumor depth (P=0.049, 0.015, 0.021, and 0.010, respectively Table 1). However, we observed no association between BST2 overexpression in OSCC tumors and patient age, sex, T stage , distinction or bone invasion. Consistent with our hypothesis, BST2 overexpression was significantly (P=0.049) associated with nodal metastasis (pN status).Association of BST2 expression with overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and disease-free survival (DFS)Based on expression data obtained from IHC, patients were stratified into two groups (high vs. low expression using 160 out of ccc as the cut-off value), and the possible association of BST2 expression with patient OS evaluated. Survival analysis revealed that the five-year OS rates for patients stratified into high and low BST2 expression subgroups were 66.8% and 51.2%, respectively. These differences in OS were not significant, compared in the log-rank test (P=0.059 Figure 2A). However, the Kaplan-Meier plots evaluated 5-year DSS rates for patients stratified by high and low BST2 expression as 74.0% and 53.7%, respectively. These differences in DSS were statistically significant, as observed with the log- rank test (P= 0.009 Figure 2B). Moreover, five-year DFS rates for patients stratified based on high or low BST2 expression were also significantly different in the log-rank test (75.9% and 51.2%, respectively P= 0.001) (Figure 2C). BST2 expression was additionally a significant predictor of DFS and DSS in univariate analysis with the Cox proportional regression model. To further cover whether BST2 expression can be applied as an independent predictor of patient survival, multivariate analysis was performed using age, gender, pT status, pN status, overall stage, perineural invasion, tumor differentiation and BST2 expression as parameters in the Cox proportional regression model. Our results indicated that pT status, pN status and BST2 expression are independent predictors of DSS (P= 0.017, 0.002, and 0.047, respectively Table 2). Similarly, we also found that pT status, pN status and BST2 expression are independent predictors of DFS (P= 0.014, BST2 Promotes OSCC Cell Migration In Vi troTo evaluate the biological significance of BST2 overexpression in OSCC using an in vitro system, endogenous expression of BST2 in OSCC cells was knocked down using gene specific RNAi. The effects of RNAi were determined by the ELISA method in the supernatants of OEC-M1 cells transfected with either BST2-specific RNAi (si-BST2) or a scrambled sequence control RNAi. As shown in Supplementary Figure 2A, the levels of endogenous BST2 was significantly reduced (P=0.003 Supplementary Figure 2A) in si-BST2transfected cells as compared with cells transfected with the control RNAi. mince and si-BST2transfected cells were further analyzed for cell proliferation and migration. As shown in Supplementary Figure 2B, the cell proliferation ability in OEC-M1 cells was not significantly decreased in the si-BST2transfected cells compared to the control RNAi transfected cells (P =0.435 Supplementary Fig 2B). However, the capability of OEC-M1 cell migration attenuated by addition of si-BST2 (70.2% reduction, P = 0.001 Supplementary Figure 2C). Collectively, these findings indicated that overexpression of BST2 in vitro can mediate cell migration in OSCC cells.

The Consumption Of Alcohol

The Consumption Of inebriantINTRODUCTIONPublic Health is the acquisition of protecting and improving the health of communities through education, promotion of healthy lifestyles, and research for unsoundness and injury prevention. In order to develop programs that protect the health of your family and community, humankind health professionals analyse the effect on health of genetics, mortalal choice and the environwork forcet. It is concerned with threats to health based on population health analysis. The dimensions of health pot encompass a state of complete physical, mental and societal well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, as defined by the United Nations World Health Organization. Overall, public health is concerned with protecting the health of entire populations. These populations can be as small as a local neighbourhood, or as big as an entire country. The interdisciplinary approaches of epidemiology, biostatistics and health services, inco rporates through public health. Environmental health, community health, behavioural health, and occupational health are some other important subfields.The consumption of torrent drink can hurt beneficial or harmful do depending on the amount consumed, term and other characteristics of the person consuming the intoxicant, and specifies of the situation explained by Dietary Guidelines for Americans (2005). intoxicant means neutral spirits distilled at or above one hundred cardinal degrees proof, whether or not such product is subsequently reduced, for nonindustrial leave up. The term inebriant, unless specified otherwise, refers to ethanol or ethyl inebriant. It is a thin, clear liquid with rasping burning taste and high volatility. Alcoholic beverage means any liquid suitable for imbibition by human beings, which contains one-half of one per penny or more of intoxicant by volume. Alcohol imbibing is an integral part of family, social and occupational life for many p eople in the UK. duration low to moderate consumption is not associated with excess stake, and may even be beneficial, excessive consumption, particularly in young people, is a growing incur for concern to policy-makers, health and social care professionals, and the public, it was assessed by Smith and Foxcroft (2009).Why it is a Public Health Issue?Alcohol defile not scarcely affects physical, emotional, but also social aspect of a person and an individual means the public. According to Faculty of Public Health (2008), for centuries and many people use it rationally although intoxicantic beverage has been part the culture its misuse has become a serious and worsening public health problem in the UK. The misuse of alcohol whether as chronically heavy drinking, binge-drinking or even moderate drinking in inappropriate circumstances not only poses a threat to the health and wellbeing of the drinker, but also to family, friends, communities and wider society through such problem s as crime, anti-social behaviour and loss of productivity. It is also directly linked to a show uprank of health issues such as high blood pressure, mental ill-health, accidental injury, violence, liver disease and sexually transmitted infection.Concept of Public HealthThe both nigh common measures of disease in populations are prevalence and incidence. nearlytime both terms are used in the description of a disease or disease outbreak. Prevalence, which has already been mentioned, is the member of people who have a disease at a given time that is the number presently suffering from the disease or disorder. Incidence, on the hand, is the number of new cases of a disease, such as the other hand, is the number of new cases of a disease, such as influenza, being higher(prenominal) than usual for the year. This indicates the number of new cases is higher than what is typically expected, whereas a report indicating increased prevalence would mean the number of existing cases is hig her asses by Evans. Epidemiology is the attainment that looks at the relationships between diseases occurring in populations and groups, typically in an attempt to reduce risks and, compress morbidity into the last years if the populations life span. Life span is the contrast of natural life such that through all supports and efforts one has lived as long as is possible. Life expectancy means something different, in that this term applies to the median(a) length of life one may live based on gender, race, where one lives, and so on.Alcohol Consumption and TrendsThere were several surveys discusses the trends of alcohol consumption. Some says it decreases and others increases, but according to The NHS Information Centre (2010), drinking behaviour among adults and children in England, in 200871% of men and 56% of women (aged 16 and over) reported drinking an alcoholic drink on at least one solar day in the workweek prior to interview. 11% of men and 6% of women reported drinking on every day in the previous week.38% of men drank over 4 units on at least one day in the week prior to interview and 29% of women drank more than 3 units on at least one day in the week prior to interview. 22% of men reported drinking over 8 units and 15% of women reported drinking over 6 units on at least one day in the week prior to interview.The fair(a) weekly alcohol consumption was 16.8 units for men and 8.6 units for women.28% of men reported drinking more than 21 units in an average week. For women, 19% reported drinking more than 14 units in an average week.18% of school pupils aged 11 to 15 reported drinking alcohol in the week prior to interview this figure is lower than 2001, when 26% of pupils reported drinking in the last week.48% of pupils said they had never had a proper alcoholic drink, compared to 39% in 2003.Pupils who drank in the last week consumed an average of 14.6 unitsIn 2006 to 2008, young people in London were less credibly to have intoxicated alcohol in the last week (39%) than young people living in any other Government Office area (51% to 63%)Knowledge and attitudes to alcoholIn 2009, 90% of Great Britain (GB) respondents reported that they had heard of measuring alcohol in units.There has been an increase from 54% in 1997 to 75% in 2009 in the proportion of people in GB who had heard of daily drinking limits. Throughout the period, differences between men and women have been slight.Pupils in England aged 11 to 15 are becoming less tolerant of drinking and intoxicatedenness among their peers. For example, in 2008, 36% agreed that it was OK for someone of their age to drink alcohol once a week, compared with 46% in 2003. Over the same period, the proportion who thought it was OK for someone of their age to get intoxicated once a week also fell, from 20% to 12%.Alcohol Misuse and other drinking patternsThe use of alcohol for a purpose not consistent with legal or medical guidelines called alcohol misuse. There are different patterns in drinking alcohol one is harmful drinking, alcohol use that causes damage to physical and/or mental health. Harmful use commonly, but not invariably, has adverse social consequences. Hazardous drinking is a pattern of alcohol use that increases the risk of harmful consequences for the individual. In contrast to harmful use, hazardous drinking refers to patterns of use that are of public health significance despite the absence of any current disorder in the individual user. A pattern of drinking that exceeds some standard of moderate drinking said to be a heavy drinker. In the UK, heavy drinking is defined as consuming eight or more units for men and six or more units for women on at least one day in the week. Lastly, moderate drinking, an inexact term for a pattern of drinking that is by implication contrasted with heavy drinking. It denotes drinking that is moderate in amount and does not cause problems.Drinking among Young PeopleYoung people are less well equipped than adults to argue with the effects of alcohol, physically and emotionally. The same amount of alcohol will have a much greater effect on the body of a child or young person than on an adult, because their bodies are still growing and developing. Also, a young person doesnt have the experience motifed to deal with the effects of alcohol on judgement and perception. But, according to NHS federation survey (2009) it shows that in a recent survey, 14% of 15 and 16 year olds in the UK had been drunk 20 times or more during the last 12 months and 50% have been drunk at least twice. And 58% of 15 year olds who had drunk alcohol recently had suffered negative consequences such as getting into an argument, been ill, missing school, been injured or in trouble with the police. Among those aged 15 and under, 18% had drunk alcohol in the previous week Diment et al (2009). Although the proportion of schoolchildren who have never had an alcoholic drink has risen (from 39% in 2003 to 48% in 2008) , those who do drink are consuming more. Between 2007 and 2008, mean alcohol consumption among young people aged 11 to 15 (specifically, those who had drunk alcohol in the previous week) increased from 12.7 units (102 g) to 14.6 units (117 g) Diment et al (2009). Regional analysis shows that consumption is highest among those living in the North East (17.7 units) and the North West (16.3 units). It is lowest in London (11.3 units) The NHS Information Centre (2010). In addition, nearly 10,000 children and young people (under the age of 18) are admitted to hospital each year as a impression of their drinking Department for Children, Schools and Families (2009).It is a major problem knowing the new generation are being exposed to this public health issue. By their devoid knowledge, they will be victims that in the longer term, drinking can have a negative effect on a young persons school work, social life and friendships, as well as their general health. Theyll also be in trouble if they break the laws rough buying and drinking alcohol.Effects on Health and Social ServicesAlcohol is associated with a wide range of criminal offences in addition to offences of drunk driving and drunkenness in which drinking or excessive drinking defines the offence. Alcohol-related crime has been a matter of great public concern for some years. Public concern about alcohol-related crime a lot relates to offences involving a combination of criminal damage offences, drunk and disorderly and other public order offences involving young males, typically 18-30, but increasingly, also young females much occurring in the entertainment areas of town and city centres.In the table above explains the effects of alcohol to deaths of people from 2000- 2009. The average of 15 to 19 per 100,000 populations died in a year for males and 7 to 9 for females.According to NHS guidelines (2011), harmful drinking and alcohol dependence cause many mental and physical health problems, and social proble ms. In England, 4% of people aged between 16 and 65 are dependent on alcohol (6% of men and 2% of women). More than 24% of the side population (33% of men and 16% of women) consume alcohol in a way that is potentially or actually harmful to their health or wellbeing. Alcohol misuse is also an increasing problem in children and young people. Current practice across the country is varied, which leads to variation in access to a range of assisted withdrawal and treatment services. A shown an upward trend of hospitals stays in relation to the cause of drinking alcohol from 2002- 2009.Alcohol plays a part in and around work, both as a perceived antidote to the pressures of the modern workplace and as a way to socialise or mesh topology with clients and colleagues. However, drinking can reduce the productivity of the UK economy in a number of ways. This occurs throughincreased sickness absence drinking 7+ (for women) or 14+ (for men) units per week raises the equivalentlihood of absence from work through injury by 20 per centthe inability to work (unemployment and early retirement) andpremature deaths among economically active people (people of working age).Combined, these three factors account for a total alcohol-related output loss to the UK economy of up to 6.4bn.Alcohol misuse tends to change the roles contend by family members in relation to one another, and to the outside world. Most families operate some form of division of labour one person managing the familys finances, the other inadvertence the children, one doing the gardening, the other doing the cooking, and so on. But as one member of the family develops more of a drink problem, the other members are likely to find themselves having to presume over his or her role themselves. Eventually, one member may be performing all the roles finances, disciplining, shopping, cleaning, household management, and so on. Another area of family functioning which is oft affected by alcohol and alcohol misuse re lates to the kind of communications that takes place between family members. It may be that the partner with the problem refuses to talk about it, even though it is clearly beginning to dominate his or her, and the families, life. Alternatively, alcohol may loosen the tongue and things might be said which would not have been said in a sober state. Or again, alcohol can itself become the main topic of conversationPublic Health Need and institutionalizeThe prevention of alcohol misuse can benefit 9 out of 10 adults drinking varying amounts of alcohol, therefore the Models of Care for Alcohol Misusers recommends that service planners for alcohol misuse should focus first upon the needs of the hazardous, harmful and dependent adult alcohol misusers. There are national media campaigns currently underway, which seek to raise sensation amongst the general population of the impact of excessive drinking on themselves and others. It endeavours to ensure consistent messages about sensible dr inking are conveyed and that there is greater pellucidity for individuals understanding themselves how much alcohol they consume. The public should continue to be made aware of the harms associated with alcohol and have access to information about what is available locally through clear and accessible patient information.There is a commitment in public health to develop a programme for improving alcohol treatment services based on an audit of demand and the Models of Care framework, funded via the pooled treatment budget of substance misuse do (2004). Alcohol treatment is currently provided by GPs and specialist addiction services, but most alcohol treatment services in England are found in the voluntary sector DOH (2005). In recent years there was an emphasis on the treatment for misuse of class A and B drugs, rather than alcohol. This has led to underfunding of services for alcohol misuse and the waiting time for treatment is much longer for alcohol misuse than for drug misuse HAGA (2008).Government PoliciesIn the UK, the prevailing view is that a reduction in alcohol consumption to sensible or lower risk levels is sufficient even for those people who are dependent on alcohol. In 2004, the Department of Health published Choosing Health, the Alcohol Needs Assessment Research Project (ANARP) DOH (2004), and the Alcohol Harm Reduction Strategy for England, followed in 2005 by Alcohol Misuse Interventions Guidance on developing a local programme of improvement DOH (2005a). The next steps in the National Alcohol Strategy (2007) DOH (2007) reviewed progress since these publications and outlined further action to be taken to reduce alcohol-related ill-health and crime.The Greater London Alcohol and Drug Alliance (GLADA) recently released a statement of priorities for alcohol in the capital. These are based on 3 strategic objectivesTo reduce alcohol-related harm to health, through awareness-raising, early intervention and break-dance access to treatment and supp ortTo reduce alcohol-related crime and disorder and anti-social behaviour through continuing to improve the management of the night-time economy and tackling the linksTo reduce the risk of harm to children and young people as a result of their own or others drinking through developing alcohol work within targeted young support and the Every Child Matters agendaThere is a guidelines set by the UK Government provide advice on daily and weekly maximum alcohol consumption levels. The guidelines recommend that men should not regularly drink more than three to four units of alcohol per day, and women should not regularly drink more than two to three units of alcohol per day. In terms of weekly limits, men are advised to drink no more than 21 units per week, and women no more than 14 units per week. Even though, theres limit in alcohol consumption people still exceeds for own wants. In Britain, the amount of pure alcohol sold per adult flush from 9.53 litres in 1986/87 to a peak of 11.78 litres in 2004/05, before dropping to 11.53 litres in 2007/08 HM Revenue and Customs (2008). This approximates to 22 units (176 grams) per week for each person aged over 15 years. In 2007, 72% of men and 57% of women in England had an alcoholic drink on at least 1 day during the previous week. In addition, 41% of men and 35% of women exceeded the daily recommended limits on at least 1 day in the previous week Robinson and Lader (2009).In order to deal with a problem, someone must first recognize that the problem exists. Because denial is the first and best defence, being able to recognize the need to cut back is crucial to being able to overcome it. Take short breaks from alcohol, learn to say NO, stay active to find diversion. Watch out for temptations and do not give up were advices from an article beating the bottle. Given the high number of potential stressors in society today, maintaining a strong construe over oneself can be a very difficult task. Self-control is a key elemen t to functioning at school, work or in social situations. It is a mostly learned and developed attribute of an individuals daily life.ConclusionA greater clarity on the prevalence of alcohol misuse based on local intelligence, resources and funds dedicated to alcohol misuse, mapping of referral pathways, service providers and development of referral protocols should be prioritised by the Alcohol Strategy Group. Workforce procreation and development in order to provide alcohol services across the public and voluntary sector is essential to delivery of effectual interventions in an effective and equitable manner. Working with the industry is vital to achieve reductions in alcohol misuse in a sustainable manner.Although drinking alcohol here in UK is somewhat tradition, or its in the culture. Because in every gathering theres alcohol and even in a regular meal includes alcohol. People needs and enlighten to control not to abuse alcohol should be considered. In terms of health educat ion, it would be useful to determine what young children want to know and how they would like this information to be delivered. Greater knowledge of the influence of the family on drinking is required.Word Count 3,145

Dualism And Dualistic Interactionism

Dualism And Dualistic InteractionismDualism was believed to approach by Pythagoras virtually 6th one C B.C.E. Pythagoras believe on transmigration of psyche-means that when a person died, the disposition is immortal and bound to divide spirit. However , Pythagorass theory is not likely famous during that time. Later, Plato shows the disjunctive in the midst of mind and frame. Plato think that body is like a prison used to trap mind/soul. After death, the body decompose because it was made of material musical composition soul/mind is immortal. This shows that body and mind is deuce separated things. Dualism that famously used nowadays came from the famous philosopher and mathematician, Rene Descartes.It is in any case known as the beginning of juvenile philosophy. Rene introduced two main subject for dualism which ar substance and property.In order to make dualism,several argument were rised.One particular argument is dualistic interactionism which known as earthy sense.De scartes stated the charge up of interaction is something connected mind/soul to body is at pineal secreter of brain.However,the soul is not likely trap at pineal glad,it simply act as point of interaction.Mind is real yet it is opposite from brain.. The brain is the major locus for the mind or consciousness of the soul, yet mind or consciousness is distributed through break the whole body.But the business of pineal gland as point of interaction has been proved as wrong by scientifically method.Pineal gland function to secrete serotonin derivative melatonin(hormone use to modulate sleep and wake patterns and seasonal function).There are no evidence to associate mind/soul to body.This is making interactionism as a weak argument to defend dualism.Another argument is mind is the immortal soul.Many religion like Islam and Christian teach that soul is varied from our body.When we died ,the soul is immortal and will go to heaven or hell.This argument is similar to Platos approach.Th ats why platonic dualism are well accepted in Christian .The third argument is ,if dualism is false,we place reduce mind/genial states to sensual matter or vice versa,or to neutral third substance.However,it was impossible to swop your mental states to matter.For example if we feel anger towards someone,can you made your feeling into concrete object?of course not.Thats why this argument is commonly used to convince people about dualism.However,this argument can be critise for the lackness of imagination.In imagination we think about something then we made it into some physical things.The last argument is mental states(mind) and physical(body)have different and irreconcilable properties. First point for this judgement is mental states cannot be in public observable.For example ,I fall from stairs and hurt my head.We can see the effect of fallness because the rap in my head but you cannot feel the pain I suffered.Thats why mental states is private unlike physical things such as fireworks and cannot be publically observable.Next is mental states is not spatially located .Many experiment been conducted but scientist still cannot proved where mind located ,either inside or outside of the brain.Pretending that you are feeling happy.Does you feel happy in your head or the happiness is spread throughout your body?So,where exactly your mind?Third point is mental states does not have properties as physical.As example our body have mass and can do physical motion.We can not weigh a fancy and we cannot measure how far our feeling can go.Some people stated that they have depthness of feeling but,how can they measure the depthness?Fourth,mental states have subjective properties(Qualia)that physical do not have.Qualia is raw feels .It is a subjective or qualitative properties of our experience.It is like how to know what is red color or how to differentiate musical notes heard from piano or violin. It is impossible to reduced Qualia into physical properties.So in tha t respect are at least four major differences between the mental and the physical, which make it difficult, to say the least, to understand how one might reduce the mental to the physical. That seems to give us considerable reason to think that the mind and the body are two totally different categories of cosmos. So,this is a good argument for dualism.In this philosophy of mind, dualism is different kinds of mental events and physical events in a set of beginning of belief in which they were claimed. rather of that, the dualist in the philosophy of mind had identified the big difference between mind and matter. They all disagree that the mind is the resembling as the brain. While others also deny that the mind is the only one the product of the brain. The concept of this dualism is that our mind is more than our brain. It can contain everything in our surrounding. This concept tells us that our mind has a non-material which is spiritual dimension that includes consciousness and p ossibly an eternal attribute or we can call that as motivation. In order to understand this concept is we have to consider ourselves first as a container which is including our physical body and physical brain together with a separate non-physical mind, spirit, soul, motivation and so on. The mind, spirit, or soul is considered the conscious part that manifests itself through the brain. In a similar way where the picture and pop off waves manifest themselves through a television set. These waves of picture and sound are also known as no -material just like the mind, spirit, or soul.There are many types of dualism that are distinguished based on if and how mind and matter are thought to each other together with its own functionality. Thus, this dualism can be divided into two which is substance and property dualist. pump dualists typically argue that in that location are difference matters in our mind and body where the mind is a thinking thing is less exposed to the physical of an object. The physical objects are including size, shape, location, volume, speed and direction in movement, adherence to the laws of physics, and so on. However, substance dualists fall into several groups depending on how they think the connection of mind and body are related. For instances, interactionists believe that minds and bodies can affect to each other. Occasionalists and parallelists, generally motivated by a concern to their curiosity of physical science. But this is denied because all unmistakable interaction to graven image is ultimately attributing.Epiphenomenalists offer a compromise theory, asserting that bodily events can have mental events as effects at the equivalent time denying that the reverse is trustworthy. This can be done by avoiding any threat to the scientific law of conservation of energy at the expense of the common sense notion that we act for reasons. The occasionalism and parallelism are another two types of substance dualist. These theories are largely preserved or are taken from the headmaster of history. The occasionalist mentioned that there are no interactin between mind and body mind. They may seem to when, for example, we put our hand above the enthusiastic kettle then the hot and distressing sensation occurs. Occassionalists, like Malebranche, assert that the sensation is caused by God where God create appropriate experiences and feeling by using the occasion of environmental happenings.Furthermore, according to the parallelist, our mental and physical histories are coordinated so that mental events appear to cause physical events (and vice versa) by virtue of their temporal conjunction, but mind and body no more interact than two clocks that are synchronized so that the one chimes when hands of the other point out the new hour. Since this fantastic series of harmonies could not possibly be due to mere coincidence, so it is advanced in explanation of religion. In creation God does not appeared continuously, just like the occasionalist had mentioned, but physical bodys into creation a pre-established harmony which is we programmed ourselves that maximally removes the need for future impact.Next, another dualism is property dualism which is that mental states are irreducible attributes of brain states and it take fors that mental phenomena are non-physical properties of physical substances. Consciousness is the most widely known as an example of a non-physical property of physical substances. However, other dualists hold that mental states, characteristic and episodes are brain states, even the states cannot be conceptualized in exactly the same way without loss of meaning. According to epiphenomenalism, mental events can build bodily events or processes, but bodily events or processes cannot caused by mental phenomena (McLaughlin, p. 277) whether an epiphenomenalist thinks these mental epiphenomena are properties of the body or properties of a non-physical mental storage determines whether the epiphenomenalist is a property or substance dualist.They are many psychology principle that had been discuss today. For example, functionalism, dualism, mongolism. All this principle had their own explanations and their own believe about the living and the things that related to career. But, for my group opinion, the most suitable and the near principle that can get along with life. human body real had two things, that is body and mind. This two things react with each other simultaneously to create the most complicated and perfect things, that is life to run smoothly. Dualism can be prove to be nearly correct because it has implications that related to life after death issues. This is because, after we die, we will going to had our life after death, and many religion in this world was practicing the same things. After we die, our soul will separated from our body, and will live the life after the death. So, the life after death is based on judgment on how we operate or run our life before. Besides that, cryptograph in this world can retain or can resist death. Everybody will die, and nobody had the immortal. So, this prove that dualism concept was the most or nearly precise principle that can be related to life. Apart from that, human rationality in the terms of thinking was also an implication that can be used to prove that dualism principle was true. Physical forces was something that play an importance role in peoples thought judgment. If there is no soul, instead, there is only had body, they will be no believe or not believe for something that is not real-abstract. For example, the galaxy had seven layer, and god is actually exist . on the other hand, if our body had only self-refuting left, there will be no room for rational beliefs. British study had published that there is evidence that consciousness continues after a persons brain stopped. The most shocking prove was that actually death support the dualism . the brain still run the function of lucid thought with formation and reasoning of memory. Besides, there are also patience that admit that they had gain information that they had never knew it before. Brain was also being proved that had no place where electric stimulation can cause a person to believe or decide. This was proved by doing interviewed to sixty triplet heart attack victims who were declared death. Roger sperry and hiks team had studied difference between right and left hemisphrere of the brain, and they had founf that mind had causal power independent of the brain activities. This is why, physicalism was concluded to be false by sperry. Actually, thought had two component, that is mind and brain. This can be said to be true because thoughts can be true or false, however, brain staes itself cannot be true or false. So, how on earth can we think in our everyday life about right or wrong? This can be the obvious prove to prove that dualism was the most precise principle exist-yet. Besides that, by meas uring brain waves, nobody can tell we what are we thinking. Instead, we must been ask about what had been thinking first, then everybody will knows. That is why the dualism principle was chosen to be most or nearest precise principle that can be adapt to our life as it had two component that work and react simultaneously to complete the cycle that we called life and it was also true to be said that life or mind body actually had two component, that is body and soul.

The World Consensus GameTM :: Communication Technology Philosophy Papers

The World Consensus GameTMThe World Consensus GameTM allows anyone to contribute to the creation of a world consensus on issues that divorce people. Participants can look up positions that have been taken on topics that people disagree on and can contribute to the discussion of these topics. Participation is easy to do. at one time you identify a question that interests you, a map is provided that shows the positions that have been taken on that question along with definitions of positions. You can examine disputations that have been provided for a position, including the argument judged best by philosophers and the argument favored by the general public, and you can express your judgment on positions and arguments. Finally, you can contribute new positions, new arguments, and criticisms of former(a) individuals arguments. The world consensus game is like a huge symposium of the worlds people with you as a participant. The World Consensus GameTM can be used in a classroom setting, a conference setting, by Fax, or by computer.Signing in to using the World Consensus GameTMAfter accessing the World Consensus Game through Peacegames.com participants are asked to call attention in. This is necessary if participants want to vote or make comments, so that their vote or comments are recorded as the vote of a philosophy student, a professional philosopher, or a member of the general public. Groups can have individuals sign in b according to any identity typed in much(prenominal) as member of an organization, etc.Professional PhilosopherPhilosophy studentPublic voting forFirst Choose an Issue A, B, CA The first social occasion you do is identify the area you want to examine. Areas include the traditional areas of Philosophy (Moral , Social Philosophy, 1etc..) in addition to issues relating to world order, protection of the environment, and any other types of issues anyone wants to discuss. that click on the issue that interests you. The current World Consensus Gam e is problems oriented, but could be redesigned to include a historical perspective. World Order Issues Global excerption Issues Moral Philosophy, Maps, Definitions, Simulation Social Philosophy, Map and Simulations Political Philosophy Map The Criminal Justice System Theory of Knowledge Metaphysics Philosophy of Religion

Womens Identity in the Early 1900s Essay examples -- Women Studies,

Ibsen wrote this play in 1879. It is a three-act play with prose dialogue. The play takes place in the nineteenth century in Europe. It is a play about a woman, who struggles to find her own identity. The main point is women urgency treated as man and non dolls. Women need to know their place and that they have rights. They besides have duties as a wife and mother. As a wife, they need to be fiducial and as a mother, they need to be role models. As do husbands need to respect their wife and know that, they have their own opinions and titled to them. Women cannot be dandy wives and role models to their children, if they do not know who they are and what their roles are in life. Ibsen uses the symbolism in his stage setting to show various aspects of Noras character and utter the composing of womens identity in the early 1900s. Symbolism, is used before the play even begins. The title A Dolls House is a symbol of tendencies for characters to play roles. The settin g is in Helmers apartment the set is set up to furnish the thought it is his home and not hers (obj. 3). Nora returns with a Christmas tree setting the mood for the play (obj. 3). She also brings presents for the children. The presents designate pushing roles onto the children (obj. 3). Helmer proceeds to call Nora his little lark and little squirrel (pg. 1559). She answers yes (pg. 1559) right away leaving the impression that she is inferior compared to Helmer. He treats her in a humbling way that she tolerates because she really knows no different. This also sets the tone that Helmer is superior over Nora throughout the play (obj. 3). He shows us his superiority over her with the macaroons that he forbids her to have. further she has them anyway and hide... ...he image of man therefore, women have the same capabilities as do men (obj. 1). Every human being in life is impact and necessitate treated with respect and dignity (obj. 1). Ibsen is aware that women need t o know who they are in order to be productive in society. He does a undecomposed job of bringing out the overall theme in A Dolls House of womens identity (obj. 2).In the theme, we are able to see his put one over of women and their need to be independent. Ibsen used symbolism to define the characters and the role of womens identity in society. This is not a typical structure of a home in nineteenth century, which left the ending causing immense controversies. Ibsen was taking a stand when he wrote this play (obj. 1). In the way, he wrote the play using Nora as the lifter and Torvald as the antagonist, made this one of the best-constructed plays of the 19th century. Womens Identity in the Early 1900s Essay examples -- Women Studies, Ibsen wrote this play in 1879. It is a three-act play with prose dialogue. The play takes place in the 19th century in Europe. It is a play about a woman, who struggles to find her own identity. The main point is women need treated as humans and not dolls. Women need to know their place and that they have rights. They also have duties as a wife and mother. As a wife, they need to be trustworthy and as a mother, they need to be role models. As do husbands need to respect their wife and know that, they have their own opinions and titled to them. Women cannot be good wives and role models to their children, if they do not know who they are and what their roles are in life. Ibsen uses the symbolism in his setting to show various aspects of Noras character and reveal the theme of womens identity in the early 1900s. Symbolism, is used before the play even begins. The title A Dolls House is a symbol of tendencies for characters to play roles. The setting is in Helmers apartment the set is set up to furnish the thought it is his home and not hers (obj. 3). Nora returns with a Christmas tree setting the mood for the play (obj. 3). She also brings presents for the children. The presents signify pushi ng roles onto the children (obj. 3). Helmer proceeds to call Nora his little lark and little squirrel (pg. 1559). She answers yes (pg. 1559) right away leaving the impression that she is inferior compared to Helmer. He treats her in a demeaning way that she tolerates because she really knows no different. This also sets the tone that Helmer is superior over Nora throughout the play (obj. 3). He shows us his superiority over her with the macaroons that he forbids her to have. Yet she has them anyway and hide... ...he image of man therefore, women have the same capabilities as do men (obj. 1). Every human being in life is equal and needs treated with respect and dignity (obj. 1). Ibsen is aware that women need to know who they are in order to be productive in society. He does a good job of bringing out the overall theme in A Dolls House of womens identity (obj. 2).In the theme, we are able to see his view of women and their need to be independent. Ibsen used symbolism to de fine the characters and the role of womens identity in society. This is not a typical structure of a home in 19th century, which left the ending causing immense controversies. Ibsen was taking a stand when he wrote this play (obj. 1). In the way, he wrote the play using Nora as the protagonist and Torvald as the antagonist, made this one of the best-constructed plays of the 19th century.