Kookai

The visual highlights which were discovered unsatisfactory or testing to existing workmanship shows and social qualities were of many. During the nineteenth century, it was respected inappropriate for ladies to be separated from everyone else with men who were not family members, in this manner the idea of a naked female model working in a workmanship studio was considered exceptionally immoral.This was a period for transformation in craftsmanship which identified with science, a non-customary European culture, the developing social worry for the normal man and a lady's preservationist self. Youthful specialists wound up dismissed by craftsmanship institutes like the Paris Salon. From this contention rose Impressionism. Ladies were an incessant subject in Impressionist craftsmanship and they were regularly delineated as objects of magnificence, immaculateness, and delicacy frequently in nurseries, showers and home with children.Conceptual Framework Many new strategies and qualities a re discovered basic In Impressionist workmanship, this including; unforgiving solid lines, differentiated hues, sketch like artistic creations, broken shading, topics uncovered in wide territories of light, Chevron's shading hypothesis, removal of light as shading as opposed to tone, iridescence of shading, Informal structure, dismissed conventional methods and Influenced by Japanese prints and photography.Frames Henry De Toulouse-Latter's ‘At the Million Rouge' has enamored an Immediate photograph like fine art thinking about the Immediate and fast catch of the development and trademark motions of individuals. He has utilized lines to palliate the development of the characters, sensational shading differentiations to include air and an ornamental quality to the organization. He has uses a profound emerald green and chrome orange-this further making a solid difference. Alright By Jennifer Many new strategies and attributes are discovered normal in Impressionist craftsmanship, delineation of light as shading as opposed to tone, iridescence of shading, casual piece, dismissed conventional procedures and impacted by Japanese prints and Henry De Toulouse-Latter's ‘At the Million Rouge' has enthralled a prompt photograph like work of art thinking about the quick and fast catch of the development

Entrepreneurship Motivation Among Students Business Essay

Enterprise Motivation Among Students Business Essay The Indian economy was beforehand profoundly relied upon farming; in any case, the present improvement in the mechanical and administration areas expects business to likewise parallely advance, along these lines, enterprise in India requires sufficient inspiration. Numerous angles assume a job in creating business: Instructive establishments help create essential characteristics like administration and cooperation, help in the improvement of marketable strategies, and the picking up of monetary help, other than setting up TBIs and EDCs. Built up organizations can help with temporary position, apprenticeship, and coordinated efforts. Little scope mechanical affiliations can likewise go about as facilitators in model labs, and compositions. It is the perspective on various original business visionaries that going into enterprise requests a ton of drive and energy. Not exclusively is the business person expected to be enlivened by the thought behind the business, yet businessperson should likewise have sufficient authority potential so as to have the option to assume the liability in the event of disappointment. Job of instructive foundations: What understudies gangs? What is required in a business visionary? Subjective change required to be a business visionary Instructive establishments must consequently make pioneers who are at the same time both great cooperative individuals, while simultaneously being equipped for practicing outright command over their representatives. In light of this view instructive establishments take dynamic endeavors to help authority abilities through improvement of strategies, and directing of best director rivalries. Different group building games are additionally directed. The idea of creating serious marketable strategies adds to the adequacy of the plans, as every understudy would need to better upon the plans of the others. Understudies originate from different foundations, thus those understudies from business families could help understudies from non-business families in the advancement of their field-tested strategy. Along these lines even understudies who may not initially have been keen on business might be brought into business because of their association with their strategy. Self-inspiration is a moderate procedure among Indian understudies, as contrast with the adolescent in Western nations, where individuals start work in their youngsters. Being routinely chance taking, western social orders don't hope to made sure about employments, and are happy to explore different avenues regarding diverse business endeavors. In India be that as it may, enterprise is viewed as the safeguard of a couple of genetic business families, who groups the imperative business insight. Instructive establishments likewise need behind in urging understudies to step into enterprise as arrangement cells are frequently framed with the sole thought of just landing understudies into stable positions, and a relatively lesser accentuation is laid on the setting up of business improvement cells. Schools ought to likewise make different strides, for example, the setting up of Entrepreneurship Development cells (EDCs), where individuals are brought in the raise the attention to understudies as respects the checked circumstance money related and other purpose accessible. School libraries should likewise be very much supplied in books by famous business people, for example, the books of Subroto Bacghi, which exhaustive light on the procedure through which the business people have ascended to the top. The absence of adequate money related assets is another significant obstacle looked by original business people. Universities step in such manner by supporting great business endeavors upto a phase when they can remain on their own vibe and are all around grounded. Activity with respect to money related foundations, in giving business advances can give a further driving force to this undertaking. Instructive foundations can assume a job in associating those understudies who have great business thoughts, yet need money related assets with sponsers ready to back them. Job of surviving undertakings: The idea of temporary position is the essence of boundless business enterprise in remote nations, and must be spread in India moreover. Entry level position must be enthusiastically energized among understudies at the school level itself, as understudies will have the option to experience spells in different associations, and structure an away from of their advantage and aptitudes. Along these lines, the business insight controlled by the said business families can likewise be consumed by the individuals who don't have a place with such families. Subsequently, the absence of certainty found in understudies, as aftereffect of shortage of modern presentation can likewise be alleviated. The adequacy of temporary position can be additionally upgraded by consolidating it with mechanical visits to a changed assortment of ventures, so as to enlarge the extent of the understudies presentation. Intuitive meetings, where understudies get the opportunity to meet an enormous number of industry pioneers can likewise be energized. Effective businesspeople should likewise approach to take up protã ©gã ©s and understudies who can be prepped to succeed them. Job of business affiliations: Associations like SIPCOT assume a functioning job in the proliferation of sound field-tested strategies and there by setting up the business. Instructive establishments will benefit by getting effectively engaged with such associations so as to cultivate the development of their understudies. Understudies can likewise be given a protected climate wherein to try different things with the usage of their thoughts if articles are arrangement by little scope businesses affiliations where understudies can arrangement slows down, and advertise their models to the individuals who stay with the slows down. Mindfulness among instructive foundations has additionally expanded, and numerous universities presently have lively Technology Business Incubators (TBIs), which are associated with significant enterprises. These businesses complete the thoughts developed upon by the understudies. Understudies are additionally permitted to straightforwardly collaborate with the enterprises where their thoughts are executed and can be head some portion of the usage procedure managing the understudies better lucidity about the practicality of their thoughts, and mindfulness regarding what and how changes are to be established to the thought. Different components to upgrade business: Another point to be remembered is that a business need not start huge. A business visionary can generally start with a little association dependent on a little thought and afterward expand into various fields as new and inventive thoughts come to him. Joint efforts are likewise a smart thought. Start-up business people can start with the little venture, in a joint effort with an ale firm, so they can get budgetary help, and mergers are conceivable on account of most dire outcome imaginable. In such manner, parental help has a fundamental influence as guardians ought to urge their youngsters to follow their heart and pursue their fantasies, anyway large or little. The administration can do its part by urging auxiliary help to business people from such sources as providers, retailers and wholesalers. Co-agents can be framed among gatherings of providers, retailers, merchants, and specialists, with the goal that they would all be able to move in the direction of their basic benefit. The administration has additionally these days gotten progressively liberal in its monetary arrangements, giving more space to business visionaries. Hazard taking is an issue territory for most original business people. Numerous clench hand age business people don't have adequate budgetary assets so as to have the option to uncovered the brunt of overwhelming misfortunes. This circumstance might be facilitated by setting up business based on associations. This, circulates hazard, yet in addition prompts the sharing of thoughts, and as well as can be expected be chosen after detail pondering. Internet business is currently bearing new business visionaries new fields, as the speculation on substantial resources in an online business is restricted, consequently decreasing the danger of colossal money related misfortunes. Training is an extraordinary advantage to understudies as it makes them increasingly lucid, thus it enables the new-age business visionaries to construct a superior affinity with clients, who are they life-blood of the associations. Mechanical preparing organizations framed the perfect environment for persuading understudies to go into business, as the extent of training at ITIs normally gives the understudies the require specialized skill, which will enable them to calibrate subtleties at the grassroots level in the endeavor which they arrangement. Taking everything into account, India, a nation which has produce business brains like JRD Tata, can possibly create innovative aptitudes among its sizable working age populace, which is scheduled to develop from 77.5 Crores in 2008 to 95 Crores in 2026, as per the 2008 - 09 yearly spending plan. Writing Review As per the overall writing, enterprising conduct of any general public is controlled by various variables. These are social, character and natural elements (Gurol and Atsan, 2006). Social components or segment factors analyze the individual foundation, family foundation, sex and the early encounters of business people and potential business people, while the natural factor model glances at the relevant factors, for example, the estimation of riches, charge decrease and circuitous advantages, timing openings in profession process and the effect of economic situation. Character factors, generally known as quality model, center around character attributes of business visionaries. Quality model lays on the presumption that business people have certain natural attributes, qualities and mentalities that give a stimulus to them and recognize them from others. Character Traits and Socio-segment Background Various character attributes, for example, chance taking affinity, the requirement for accomplishment, and locus of control, have been talked about as components influencing people groups yearnings to begin their own organizations. Requirement for accomplishment McClellands requirement for accomplishment hypothesis (1961) profoundly underscored that requirement for accomplishment is one of the most grounded mental components impacting innovative conduct. It is accepted that people with a serious requirement for accomplishment has a str

5 Best Exit Intent Popup Tools For You!

5 Best Exit Intent Popup Tools For You! Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!5 Best Exit Intent Popup Tools For You!Updated On 15/01/2018Author : Deepak KumarTopic : BusinessShort URL : https://hbb.me/2D5BplM CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogExit Intent Popup is a very effective tool to let your users know that they can get some better deals and choices before leaving the website. It works in a very simple way by showing a popup box with your customised messages when readers are about to leave the page. There are many exit intent popup tools available in the market but you need to choose the best among them. Here are the 5 best exit Intent Popup Tool for your website.1. Growth FunnelThe first software on our list of best exit intent popup list is Growth Funnel. This amazing tool can help you to build your email list, social followers, shares customer without annoying your visitor with minimum efforts. You can build pop-up forms, slide-ins, flo ating bar, Inline, growth link and even full-screen overlay. Few of its robust features include mobile-friendly templates, A/B Testing, Unlimited traffic and no need for coding. One of the most amazing features of Growth Funnel is Funnel Sync by which you can sync your every funnel in a group and all of your funnels will be interconnected with each other. Moreover, you will be able to check the subscribers social and personal data from the growth funnel dashboard.Furthermore, Growth Funnel recently launched push notification service. You will be able to send browser push notification on desktop and mobile to boost returning visitors and sales. The service is free up to 250 contacts and after that, it is priced at $17 per month.2. OptinMonsterAs the name suggests, this tool is a monster in terms of features provided. It allows you to create all types of tools for giving your users a choice to stay. You can build pop-up forms, slide-ins, and even full-screen splash. Other amazing fea tures include drag drop builder, mobile-specific popups, A/B testing option to target specific categories or users or even pages. The best feature of this exit intent tool is that it allows heavy customization such as Floating Bar, Countdown Timer, Inactivity Sensor and a custom success message. The basic plan starts from $9/month.READ7 Ways to Retain Your Employees3. Thrive LeadsIf you don’t wish to show the same exit pop up to all users, Thrive Leads is the best choice for you. It comes with a technology SmartExit which shows popups only when desired conditions are fulfilled. It allows you to show a pop up based on user’s activities and time spent on the website. Key features of Thrive Leads include Trigger Options, A/B testing, Form animations and multiple pops up layouts to choose from. Pricing starts at $67 for a single website.4. OmniconvertThe best part of Omniconvert is that it gives you the option to add dynamic texts to banners such as user location, temperature wea ther condition of the user and much more. It also allows you to run two completely different overlayers for a same period of time for the same targeted users. With this feature, you can measure which is performing better and use it for future. Other features include on click, load, scroll, and exit surveys, Frequency capping, and 40 advanced segmentation criteria.5. NinjaIf you wish to create your own exit pop up the design just by drag drop feature, Ninja Popups is a great tool for you. It comes with a list of 65+ pop themes 74 animation effects to choose from. Another great feature of this tool is support for WPML that allows you to show pop-ups in multi-lingual websites. Ninja Popups will not cost you much and is available for $13/month.Exit Intent Popup Tools are a great way to get more business leads and conversion rates. Let us know which one is your favorite Exit Intent Pop Tool.

Is Heathcliff Succumbing To Human Nature - 1337 Words

Consistent with most of Emily Bronte’s characters in Wuthering Heights, Heathcliff â€Å"is a manifestation of natural forces acting involuntarily under the pressure of his own nature† (Pittock 147). As such, Heathcliff succumbs to his ‘nature’ and reacts without empathy or respect for others. Throughout the novel, the characters, along with readers and critics, question Heathcliff’s ‘nature’. Is Heathcliff succumbing to human nature? Or is he not human at all? Going with the perception of the novel as a sublime take on reality, Heathcliff represents sublime humanity. People characterize themselves as civilized and moral, but conveniently overlook the unpleasant truths of civilization. Heathcliff exists in Wuthering Heights as a fully honest,†¦show more content†¦Seeing Edgar block his progress towards a life with Catherine, Heathcliff loses his example of kindness and love. Heathcliff does not know how to handle his emotions, s o he lashes out in aggression towards Isabella. In her letter to Nelly, Isabella confesses Heathcliff â€Å"[rouses]† as much terror in her as â€Å"a tiger or a venomous serpent†; later, Isabella laments â€Å"[giving] him her heart† only for him to â€Å"pinch it to death† (Bronte 144 170). Isabella falls victim to Heathcliff’s post-heartbreak rage and egotism. Ultimately, Heathcliff has a â€Å"desire to destroy others† due to his frustration from losing Catherine (Pittock 153). Heathcliff’s â€Å"full union† could â€Å"only be achieved† through a requited love with Catherine, so his â€Å"yearning for transcendence† legitimizes his â€Å"cruelties† (Pittock 154). Heathcliff sees full release from his own status as a dark-skinned orphan through Catherine: his idol of perfection and superiority. Typical to human’s battle with lust, love, and desire, Heathcliff and Catherine’s unhealthy, realistic relationship demonstrates Heathcliff’s â€Å"masochistic† nature (Goff 504). Heathcliff and Catherine have an undeniable connection for each other, but jealousy and complications of life creep into their relationship and spoil its pureness. Although Catherine admits, â€Å"[she is] Heathcliff†, he â€Å"always [consumes her] mind†, and

Analysis Of Trifles By Susan Glaspell - 846 Words

Society has put abnormal standards between women and men. Our gender equality has been an issue throughout history and legislative rights. In the short play â€Å"Trifles† by author Susan Glaspell, shows the feminist content and the failures of marriages. Mr. and Mrs. Wright had been married for a long time. They don’t have a family and live in a place that’s very solitary aside from any other houses. An investigation occurred to find the strange death of Mr. Wright and to discovered evidence if Mrs. Wright killed him. Thus, the play consists of five characters, an attorney, sheriff and his wife, and a neighbor couple that knew Mrs. and Mrs. Wright. Mr. Wright was cold man that fails to demonstrate affection feelings towards Mrs. Wright. He†¦show more content†¦Wright killed Mr. Wright. Mrs. Hale later discovers a pretty box and sees the dead bird inside (Trifles 733). They see a bird has been killed by a rope around the neck the same way Mr. Wright died . Mr. Wright strangle the pet with a rope he was probably tired of the noise the animal made. This made the wife mad because it was the only happy thing she had. After the death of the pet she felt solitary it was something meaningful to her. The title â€Å"Trifles†, means is little importance. The overall plot of the story is that woman lack of attention and aren’t taken serious. In the article â€Å"Trifles and Overtones† articulates, â€Å"it presents women as a transcending the constraints of their positions through acts of courage and refusal to collaborate in maintaining each other oppression.† Woman aren’t trifles, they are more than that, they are smart as man. A piece of quilt ended up solving the mystery that only the woman could’ve understood. The quilt saved Mrs. Wright from being hold in prison. The women stand for Mrs. Wright rights and females. Mrs. Wright is offstage but she’s an important role trough the story. †Å"The Jury of Her Peers† are the two women that develop great compassion towards Mrs. Wright. They both help her conceal the evidence and left no clues behind. The wife is and offstage character because she is in jail and allows the two women to solve the murder. Plus, it made the women realized that they are worthy and valuable. The two women realized thatShow MoreRelatedScript Analysis of Trifles by Susan Glaspell910 Words   |  4 PagesScript Analysis of â€Å"Trifles† by Susan Glaspell Summary   In the play Trifles by Susan Glaspell, there are five characters, three men and two women.   They are in a house where the murder of Mr. Wright took place the day before.   The men are trying to find evidence to name a killer or motivation to name Mrs. Wright as the murderer.   While the men are downstairs, the women occupy themselves with looking around the kitchen and living room.   They take note of Mrs. Wrights canned fruit and the factRead MoreAnalysis Of Trifles By Susan Glaspell907 Words   |  4 PagesThe play â€Å"Trifles† written by Susan Glaspell is about John Wright who was murdered. When the play begins the county attorney, sheriff, and Mr. Hale are all at Mr. Wright’s home to search for evidence for who murdered him. The two women that are in the poem are Mrs. Peters who is the sheriffs wife, and Mr. Hale’s wife, Mrs. Hale. Minnie Wright is the suspect in Mr. Wright’s case, but they are searching for answers to know exactly what happened. While the men are trying to solve the crime their wivesRead MoreAnalysis Of Trifles By Susan Glaspell804 Words   |  4 PagesIn the play Trifles, Susan Glaspell creates a situation that at first glance appears to place a woman at fault, but as the readers continue, he/she realizes that the truth is the opposite to what it appears to be. It is interesting to see how the author uses the image of a perfect husband to portray irony with the hidden theme of isolation and patriarchy within their domestic relationship. This irony leads into Minnie Foster, also called Mrs. Wright, to use the idea of justice vs. law within thisRead MoreAnalysis Of Trifles By Susan Glaspell1255 Words   |  6 PagesMurder, torture, and mayhem are merely three of the unique problems that can be found throughout the one act play Trifles by Susan Glaspell. The writer opens up the story by explaining the situation of Mrs. Wright, a middle aged woman who is being accused of murdering her husband. Th e crime scene is a mess. A sheriff, the prosecuting attorney and their wives are looking in to the gruesome death that occurred upstairs in the Wright household. It is immediately found that the men focus their attentionRead MoreAnalysis Of Trifles By Susan Glaspell1042 Words   |  5 Pagesits underlying meaning can represent to each character individually and together. In the short play â€Å"Trifles† by Susan Glaspell, readers and viewers are taken back to a period that is a lot different than the current. From the surroundings, viewpoints of each sex and their assigned roles in the society all gave a greater understanding of what was portrayed and how it was essentially handled. Trifles started with the Sheriff and his wife Mrs. Peters, Mr. Hale and Mrs. Hale and the County Attorney enteringRead MoreTrifles By Susan Glaspell Analysis1738 Words   |  7 Pageswomen dont realize the struggle women before them had to undergo. In the late 19th century women werent important , respected, or anywhere near equal to men. It was common for women to be misunderstood and or assumed by men to be uncivil. Trifles by Susan Glaspell shows the depiction of women towards the end of the 1800s. Men werent as kind or laid back when it came to running the household and handling every day matters as a family. Men were dominant. It was the patriarchal ignorance of the lateRead MoreTrifles By Susan Glaspell Analysis1257 Words   |  6 PagesTrifles by Susan Glaspell is a tragic mysterious drama that has to deal with a murderous wife, and a couple of friends who cover up her tracks. Throughout the story Glaspell gives clues to the reader to help him or her figure out what will happen in the end. Glaspell Wrote Trifles in 1916, according to the year it is safe to assume that this mysterious short story was placed in a time around the 1910’s setting. The clues she leaves, such as the quilting square, the bird, the reflections in the settingRead MoreAnalysis Of Trifle s By Susan Glaspell1425 Words   |  6 PagesIn the play Trifles, by Susan Glaspell, the plot develops through action. As soon as the play begins readers and viewers are introduced to the county attorney, the sheriff, and Mr. Hale. Due to the fact that these three men discuss the case and death of Mr. Wright quite a bit, the audience is made to believe that they are the main characters of the play. However; the true protagonists of the play are revealed as soon as the men departure from the kitchen and leave the characters Mrs. Peters and MrsRead MoreAnalysis Of Trifles By Susan Glaspell1829 Words   |  8 PagesMurder, torture, and mayhem are merely three of the unique problems that can be found throughout the one act play Trifles by Susan Glaspell. The writer opens up the story by explaining the situation of Mrs. Wright, a middle aged woman who is being accused of murdering her husband. The crime scene is a mess. A sheriff, the prosecuting attorney and their wives are looking in to the gruesome death that occurred upstairs in the Wright household. It is immediately found that the men focus their attentionRead MoreAn Analysis Of Susan Glaspell s Trifles 983 Words   |  4 Pagespreconception someone makes based on gender, race, or religion that in this case is by gender, and affects women based on their expected gender roles. Women endlessly have expectations that go along with being a wife, mother, or simply a female. In Trifles by Susan Glaspell, 1955 by Alice Walker, and Girl by Jamaica Kincaid women are stereotyped by men and told to follow unwritten but expected roles such as being seen and not heard. As well as how they present themselves, their behavior, and tasks they need

The Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison - 1044 Words

In the novel The Bluest Eye, Toni Morrison confirms the existence of racism within the African American community. Unbelievably, many African Americans suffer from what is termed internalized racism. Internalized racism produces the same effect as racial racism: feelings of worthlessness, inferiority, and unattractiveness. In addition, the effect can produce the opposite feelings: superiority, hatred, and feelings of self-worth. Pecola, an 11-year-old black girl, desires to have the physical characteristics of a white person, namely blue eyes. Polly, Pecola’s mother, prefers the white culture living rather than her own. The feelings that the black race experience stem from the programming of a racist society to think that the white race is better. As a result, African Americans long to be white or look white. This consumption of whiteness represents internalized racism. Pecola s admiration of Shirley Temple is an example of internalized racialism. She was a long time with the milk, and gazed fondly at the silhouette of Shirley Temple s dimpled face(19). Freida and Pecola admired Shirley Temple. They had a loving conversation about how cute Shirley Temple was. Pecola is obsessed with the white girl s physical beauty. This is obvious by the fact that she would drink a lot of milk from the Shirley Temple cup. Her drinking the milk signifies her wanting to consume whiteness. Pecola feels that she would be pretty if she possessed what the racist society considers pretty -Show MoreRelatedThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison1720 Words   |  7 Pagesof The Bluest Eye, Toni Morrison, criticizes the danger of race discrimination for any kinds of situations with no exception. The purpose of the paper is explain how pervasive and destructive social racism was bound to happen in American society. The intended audiences are not only black people, but also other rac es had suffered racism until now. I could find out and concentrate on the most notable symbols which are whiteness, blue eyes and the characterization while reading the novel. Toni MorrisonRead MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison1587 Words   |  7 Pagessaid, â€Å"We were born to die and we die to live.† Toni Morrison correlates to Nelson’s quote in her Nobel Lecture of 1993, â€Å"We die. That may be the meaning of life. But we do language. That may be the measure of our lives.† In Toni Morrison’s novel, The Bluest Eye, she uses language to examine the concepts of racism, lack of self-identity, gender roles, and socioeconomic hardships as they factor into a misinterpretation of the American Dream. Morrison illustrates problems that these issues provoke throughRead MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison956 Words   |  4 PagesHistory of Slavery Influenced the Characters of The Bluest Eye Unlike so many pieces of American literature that involve and examine the history of slavery and the years of intensely-entrenched racism that ensued, the overall plot of the novel, The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison, does not necessarily involve slavery directly, but rather examines the aftermath by delving into African-American self-hatred. Nearly all of the main characters in The Bluest Eye who are African American are dominated by the endlessRead MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison1189 Words   |  5 PagesA standard of beauty is established by the society in which a person lives and then supported by its members in the community. In the novel The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison, we are given an extensive understanding of how whiteness is the standard of beauty through messages throughout the novel that whiteness is superior. Morrison emphasizes how this ideality distorts the minds and lives of African-American women and children. He emphasizes that in order for African-American wom en to survive in aRead MoreThe Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison1095 Words   |  5 PagesSocial class is a major theme in the book The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison. Toni Morrison is saying that there are dysfunctional families in every social class, though people only think of it in the lower class. Toni Morrison was also stating that people also use social class to separate themselves from others and apart from race; social class is one thing Pauline and Geraldine admire.Claudia, Pecola, and Frieda are affected by not only their own social status, but others social status too - for exampleRead MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison2069 Words   |  9 Pagesblack/whiteness. Specifically, white people were positioned at the upper part of the hierarchy, whereas, African Americans were inferior. Consequently, white people were able to control and dictate to the standards of beauty. In her novel, ‘The Bluest Eye’, Toni Morrison draws upon symbolism, narrative voice, setting and id eals of the time to expose the effects these standards had on the different characters. With the juxtaposition of Claudia MacTeer and Pecola Breedlove, who naively conforms to the barrierRead MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison1103 Words   |  5 Pages Toni Morrison is known for her prized works exploring themes and issues that are rampant in African American communities. Viewing Toni Morrison’s novel The Bluest Eye from a psychoanalytical lens sheds light onto how, as members of a marginalized group, character’s low self-esteem reflect into their actions, desires, and defense mechanisms. In her analysis of psychoanalytical criticism, Lois Tyson focuses on psychological defense mechanisms such as selective perception, selective memory, denialRead MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison Essay1314 Words   |  6 PagesThe Bluest Eye, by Toni Morrison, encompasses the themes of youth, gender, and race. The African American Civil Rights Movement had recently ended at the time the novel was written. In the book, Morrison utilizes a first-person story to convey her views on racial inequality. The protagonist and her friends find themselves in moments where they are filled with embarrassment and have a wish to flee such events. Since they are female African Americans, they are humiliated in society. One of Morrison’sRead MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison1462 Words   |  6 PagesBildungsroman literature in the 20th century embodies the virtues of different authors’ contexts and cultures, influencing the fictional stories of children’s lives around the wo rld.. The Bluest Eye is a 1970 publication by Toni Morrison set in 1940s Ohio in America, focal around the consequence of racism in an American community on the growth of a child, distinct in its use of a range of narrative perspectives. Annie John by Jamaica Kincaid is a novel set in post colonial Antigua, published in 1985Read MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison992 Words   |  4 PagesSet in the 1940s, during the Great Depression, the novel The Bluest Eye, by Toni Morrison, illustrates in the inner struggles of African-American criticism. The Breedloves, the family the story revolves around a poor, black and ugly family. They live in a two-room store front, which is open, showing that they have nothing. In the family there is a girl named Pecola Breedlove, she is a black and thinks that she is ugly because she is not white. Pecola’s father, Cholly Breedlove, goes through humiliated

Shared Mental Mode Communication Collective -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Shared Mental Mode Communication Collective? Answer: Introduction: Reflective learning is the procedure that allows the students with opportunities to step back from their learning experience and develop critical thinking skills. It helps in improvement of future performance by analyzing and evaluating the different experiences and reflecting on meaningful observations (Sherstyuk, Olekh and Kolesnikova, 2016). Researchers are of the opinion that reflective learning helps in moving the students form the surface learning to that of in-depth learning genre that include different types of activities like self-review, peer-review and also personal development planning (Woodcock, 2017). This assignment would be a reflective journal that would depict my experiences and the issues I faced in the two domains that are taught in class. I will reflect on the different insights and views I have developed from the experiences and how I want to develop those skills in the future. Team-forming and team-performance: I had been assigned as the team leader during my placement months where I had to form a team of the fresher employees and had to complete a set of goals that had been set by the higher authorities. I was quite excited to get this opportunity and immediately formed a team of 10 employees out of 20 employees who got the placements. I assigned them their respective tasks and set them deadlines. I expected them to complete their work within the deadlines but on the day of submission of their work, I realized that none of the members were ready with their work and they were constantly blaming on each other for their inability to complete. Moreover, I also noticed that the work done by them did not synchronize with each other and therefore it was a complete massacre. I noticed that the team members did not communicate with each other and kept a safe distance. Moreover, feedbacks were not given properly and negative feedbacks from each other destroyed the morale of the other team members. M oreover, cultural stereotypes were also found between the Australians and the Asian members that affected the dignity and respect of the members. All these were creating job stress in them and even two of the members approached the authority for leaving the team. Report writing: Another incident also occurred after this. I was asked by the higher authority to submit a report on the progress of the team and how the team members are performing. I became quite nervous as I had to collect and incorporate a large amount of data about each of my ten team members. I clearly wrote about their performances, their inhibitions, their issues and challenges and described how they were progressing in their respective tasks. I even attached their productivity report in an excel file. However, the authority criticized my report and stated that the information provided by me in my report was not done professionally and that I need to learn proper ways of report writing. I was severely embarrassed after this incident. However, I did not allow myself to lose my confidence and in turn requested my mentor to help in rectifying the mistakes. He explained to me in details about the mistakes I made. Insights I developed after the incidents: After reflecting on the incidences, I realized a number of mistakes I had made while developing and managing a team. I had been quite fast into initiating the work but did not focus into the five steps that are important in team formation. The first stage is called the forming stage that I totally ignored. At this stage, I should have given scope to the team members to know each other and understand the different roles that they need to perform with the teams. This stage needs focusing on arranging a meeting where they would be able to introduce each other and mention their job roles so that others can understand each others participation (Zoogah, Nole and Shenkar, 2015) . As I did not conduct the step, both of their task-related queries and interpersonal roles were unclear to them. I also did not provide importance to the storming stage. I should have actively monitored them during work or should have conducted meeting where the team members would have got the scope to clarify their issues and solve their misunderstandings. Constructive feedback should have been asked from the team member about each other so that the members could have developed the skills (Fiore and Georganta, 2017). As the steps were not conducted properly, different problems like cultural conflicts, blame games and job dissatisfaction others took place within the team. The norming stage was also not conducted successfully. Due to so many issues within the team like cultural conflicts, lack of role clarity and improper communication among the team members, informal relationship did not take place among the members and therefore no strong bonds and relationship development took place. Because of this, there was no synchronization among the work of the team members (Brock, et al., 2017). Therefore, blame games became common. The failure of the above stages indeed resulted in the failure of the fourth stage called the performing stage and the fifth stage called the adjourning stage. None of the members could actively perform their respective roles and failed miserably. Incident of report writing: In the second situation, my mentor pointed out that I had made a number of mistakes while writing the report. The main problem was that I had not followed the format of the report properly. I had written it in the form of essay with long paragraphs that disappointed the higher officials. I should have incorporated small paragraphs with distinct information in each of them so that all the important details get highlighted to the professionals (Ee and Eng, 2015). Moreover, I conducted another big mistake where I failed to provide heading to the paragraphs which made the higher officials think that I have missed out many points. Moreover, my writing was quite scattered. This is said so because unlike the guidelines or a proper report, I did not provide the conclusion and recommendation at the end but rather incorporated it throughout the report. This was a turn off for the officers, as they could not understand the issues I depicted in the report. There was a complete missing of flow in my report. Steps that I will take for the future: From the entire reflection on the incidents, I have developed a proper understanding of how to develop and manage different attributes of forming and managing a team. I will make sure that I maintain each of the steps of team-forming effectively like forming, storming, norming, performing and adjourning. I also have to ensure that new team members develop the important skills that are important in team working like proper communication skills. Active listening and constructive feedback giving and listening skills should be inculcated as important teamwork skills (Almost, et al., 2015). This would help in developing rapport among the team members for which effective bonding and relationship building will take place. The better their relationships are both formally and informally, the better their coordination and collaboration are at workplace (Turner, 2014). High level of collaboration will ensure that the work is completed within deadline and high quality of work is produced. Such t eamwork will help in ensuring that the members do not develop job stress and job dissatisfaction (Donia, ONeill and Brutus, 2018). Therefore, I will first form teams following the five important steps. Then I will ensure that following the Belbins theory, I also have to assign proper roles that match with their job preferences. Maintaining the role clarity will help in reducing stress and increase productivity. I will conduct important discussion sessions, where all members would disclose their concerns and issues so that they can be solved properly. Moreover, in the meetings, I should also initiate a trend of constructive feedback sharing so that miscommunications are resolved and innovations and creativity are ensured. Report writing skills: In order to ensure that I develop proper report writing skills, I first need to make a planning and develop a rough with all the important points that I will cover (Garza, 2016). This will help me to understand the important heading that I have to make for each point. Following this, I will incorporate the headings first and then initiate data incorporation within it. Moreover, I will be very careful about not making the paragraphs too long as this is against the guidelines of writing reports. I will make separate sections for the conclusion and recommendations and refrain from incorporating any conclusive ideas in the body of the report (Ohaja, 2017). Moreover, I will also be making proper sections and subsection of the different points separately with proper headings and subheadings. This will ensure more clarity in the report and the higher officials will be pleased (Morley-Warner 2009) Conclusion: From the entire discussion, I understood that I do not have proper skills in forming and managing teams. The reflection of the episodes helped me in identifying the different mistakes I made as a team leader. Following the mistakes, I developed a planning of inculcating proper teamwork attributes and skills among the team members. Proper ways of forming the teams, assigning them of their roles, managing the issues faced by team members and others are important parts of ensuring a highly productive teamwork. Moreover, the reflection of the incidents also showed me that I do not have proper report writing ideas which I need to develop through proper practice and being careful while writing report in future. This attribute would ensure that I emerge as effective and successful professional in future. References: Almost, J., Wolff, A., Mildon, B., Price, S., Godfrey, C., Robinson, S., Ross-White, A. and Mercado-Mallari, S., 2015. Positive and negative behaviours in workplace relationships: a scoping review protocol.BMJ open,5(2), p.e007685. Brock, S.E., McAliney, P.J., Ma, C.H. and Sen, A., 2017. Toward more practical measurement of teamwork skills.Journal of Workplace Learning,29(2), pp.124-133. Donia, M.B., O'Neill, T.A. and Brutus, S., 2018. The longitudinal effects of peer feedback in the development and transfer of student teamwork skills.Learning and Individual Differences,61, pp.87-98. Ee, C.S. and Eng, T.K., 2015. Technical Report Writing in Higher Education: A Theoretical Analysis of Writing Practices.Journal of Interdisciplinary Research in Education Volume,5(1). Emedia.rmit.edu.au. 2018.For Research and Education in the Arts, Sydney| Learning Lab. [online] Available at: https://emedia.rmit.edu.au/learninglab/welcome [Accessed 11 Feb. 2018]. Fiore, S.M. and Georganta, E., 2017. Collaborative Problem-Solving and Team Development: Extending the Macrocognition in Teams Model through Considerations of the Team Life Cycle. InTeam Dynamics Over Time(pp. 189-208). Emerald Publishing Limited. Garza, S., 2016. Book Review: Psychoeducational assessment and report writing. Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014.Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Morley-Warner, T., 2009.Academic Writing is--: A Guide to Writing in a University Context. Association for Academic Language and Learning. ISBN:978098429725 Ohaja, E.U., 2017. Skills for Effective Speech and Report Writing.International Journal of Communication,2(1). Sherstyuk, O., Olekh, ?. and Kolesnikova, K., 2016. The research on role differentiation as a method of forming the project team.- , (2 (3)), pp.63-68. Turner, M.E., 2014.Groups at work: Theory and research. Psychology Press. Woodcock, M., 2017.Team development manual. Routledge. Zoogah, D.B., Noe, R.A. and Shenkar, O., 2015. Shared mental model, team communication and collective self-efficacy: an investigation of strategic alliance team effectiveness.International Journal of Strategic Business Alliances,4(4), pp.244-270.

On Your Own Assignment Essays - Worklife Balance, Labour Economics

On Your Own Assignment Joshua Reynolds Everest University On Your Own Assignment The Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program produces employment and wage estimates for over 800 occupations. These are estimates of the number of people employed in certain occupations, and estimates of the wages paid to them. Self-employed persons are not included in the estimates. These estimates are available for the nation as a whole, for individual States, and for metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas. The work-leisure dichotomy was invented in the mid-1801s. Paul Krassner remarked that anthropologists use a definition of happiness that is to have as little separation as possible "between your work and your play". The expression "work-life balance" was first used in the United Kingdom in the late 1970s to describe the balance between an individual's work and personal life. In the United States, this phrase was first used in 1986. According to 2010 National Health Interview Survey Occupational Health Supplement data, 16% of U.S. workers reported difficulty balancing work and family. Imbalance was more prevalent among workers aged 30-44 (19%) compared with other age groups; non-Hispanic black workers (19%) compared with non-Hispanic white workers (16%), and Hispanic workers (15%); divorced or separated workers (19%) compared with married workers (16%), widowed workers (13%), and never married workers (15%); and workers having a bachelor's degree and higher (18%) compared with workers having a high school diploma or G.E.D. (16%), and workers with less than a high school education (15%). Workers in agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting industries (9%) had a lower prevalence rate of work-family imbalance compared to all employed adults (16%). Among occupations, a higher prevalence rate of work-family imbalance was found in legal occupations (26%), whereas a lower prevalence rate was observed for workers i n office and administrative support (14%) and farming, forestry, and fishing occupations (10%). Today there are many young women who do not want to just stay at home and do house work, but want to have careers. About 64% of mothers whose youngest child was under age six, and 77% of mothers with a youngest child age 6-17 were employed in 2010, indicating that the majority of women with dependent care responsibilities cannot or do not wish to give up careers. While women are increasingly represented in the work force, they still face challenges balancing work and home life. Both domestic and market labor compete for time and energy. For women, the results show that only time spent in female housework chores has a significant negative effect on wages. References: NCS News Releases. (n.d.). Retrieved June 15, 2017, from https://www.bls.gov/ncs/ Holley, W.H. Ross, W.H. (2017). The Labor Relations Process. (11th edition.) Mason,OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. ISBN: 9781337521727 http://www.unige.ch/cyberdocuments/theses2000/HopkinsM/these_body.html

Child prodigy Essays

Child prodigy Essays Child prodigy Essay Child prodigy Essay If you have ever regretted volunteering for a task, but had to continue, despite this, you will know how I felt, as I boarded the coach that would take me to the venue of the chess tournament. It was an all-consuming, unforgettable, always nagging sort of worry: that I would bring about my own humiliation as I lost game by game at the prestigious tournament. No. Not a worry but a certainty. For I had not practised once in the past months, while in my prime, it was normal for me to spend a couple of evenings per week at a board, revising combinations. Yes, it was this lack of practice that troubled me to the very core, that I would disappoint my team and be humiliated for it. So the odour of the garbage on the coach had little effect on me, as I contemplated the nature of the disgrace that I would bring upon myself. In an attempt to banish these thoughts from my head, I brought out my reading book, which I soon immersed myself in, but the cheers and chit chat from my team mates as the coach started could not be ignored. As I snapped out of my ponderous trance, I became aware of the true stench of this appalling place where rotten eggs and ham from long forgotten packed lunches lay neatly stacked under the seats and the random splodges of yogurt were spread over the once-fine seat covers. But as the hours passed, none of these were noticed as my nose grew accustomed to the constant whiff, and my eyes remained firmly fixed on the pages of my book. It was finally four hours later that we pulled into the drive of the B B where we would stay. Just one more night till I would be a humiliated man My first match of the next day started and ended badly. I was to play against a boy of no more than 8, who sat precariously on the very edge of his seat, with legs dangling aimlessly under the table. His age and the innocent gaze gave me hope that I could at least secure 1 point for my team. But I was wrong, very wrong. As he made his first moves, I saw he was no novice and despite my best efforts, my fiendish foe struck mercilessly, felling my pieces one by one. It was an uphill struggle, a battle I could not win and yet I tried, while to my annoyance, he squealed with delight after each capture in a childlike manner, though he had the skill of double his apparent age. I can tell you this was terribly shocking. So there was no surprise when he finally delivered checkmate, though while we did this, I dreaded the teases I would be sure to receive as the result of this lost battle, especially due to my opponents age. As I stepped from the room, my fears were confirmed. My humiliation had begun. My next match went just as badly. Still in a daze from the jests endured, my head spinning, as I tried desperately to win against my unsympathetic opponent. But my efforts were to no avail, as I lost, even more swiftly than before. But my thoughts cleared as I left the tournament room: one round to make a win. One round to avoid disgrace! After my disastrous rounds, I expected nothing more than another loss from equally capable opponents, knowing my fate for humiliation had been sealed the moment I agreed to come. But my next opponent was not something I could have anticipated given even the wildest imagination. Like a giant, he towered over the board, but it was not his height which troubled me but his bulk. His fat bulged in great flabs so that I felt he might burst and his slow, lumbering walk scarcely surprised me. One could tell clothes were not made to his size; the Nike logo on his shirt was stretched into a thin line while his fat writhed under his tight top as he reached out to move his piece. I made no mistake in underestimating my opponent this time, however, it was soon clear he was less gifted than the child prodigy I had played the first round. But there was still something strange about the game play, there was something about the way we played in his shadow that unnerved me, and before long, I once more felt myself sailing against the wind in this battle of mine. But as does a wounded animal strike back, so did I, knowing the fate that would come to me if I lost this match. But then, my silent prayers were answered: in the form of the biggest blunder I had ever seen at this level of play, and I pounced upon it, like a hungry wild cat as he throws himself on a mouse. The tide had changed, and I finished him off easily. The victory was mine, no disgrace for me.

Management seminar Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 9

Management seminar - Essay Example Where, if the firm uses employees from its country all through, the company will not impress the rest of the world. However, with outsourcing, the world feels appreciated because it provides opportunities for all people and this increases the market share globally (Sparrow, 2009). On the other hand, outsourcing is a disadvantage to the home people of the company who lose the opportunities occupied by the foreigners. In other words, the local people of the country the company is located lose their jobs and this leads to creating a recession in the domestic economy. Another problem related to outsourcing is that the overseas employees have experienced a problem of not being able to communicate effectively with the U.S customers due to difficult accents and problems of miscommunication. Finally, the emerging economies where outsourcing is done face tremendous energy shortages with the power outages done frequently (Blackman, Freedman & Levy, 2004). Sweatshops refer to the overseas manufacturing facilities of a company where the conditions of labor are not up to the satisfactory level as per the international labor standards. Long working hours, unsafe working condition, and abuse of the employees and lack of labor rights characterize the practices against the standards. The employees working in the facilities are tremendously exploited. In fact, most of the products manufactured in the facilities require repetitive kind of labor. Sweatshops exist for they provide a number of economic advantages to the multinational firms and to the host employees. Creating of the domestic employment and establishment of local infrastructures in the host countries helps to enhance the local economies of the countries. The employees working in the sweatshops are desperate because most of them do not have education or the required skills to get any form of

Rhetoric of abraham lincoln Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Rhetoric of abraham lincoln - Essay Example Slavery and succession were threatening human freedom as well as American union. Therefore, without the turmoil that existed at the time, there would not have been exigency for such rhetoric and action. The following essay is a research paper that builds its argument through comparative analysis of various sources of information on the rhetoric of Abraham Lincoln. Analysis of Lincoln’s rhetoric has led to varied opinions among scholars concerning his literary skills as well as his leadership qualities. Such scholars include Mark Neely, Jr., who is a Lincoln scholar and a Pulitzer Prize winning historian. The other is David Herbert Donald, who is a leading American historian of  Abraham Lincoln  and the Civil War. Neely views Lincoln as reactive and subject to changing events, while Donald sees Lincoln as purposeful and strategic. (1) (2) Donald asserted that Lincoln’s failure to respond and instead choosing to apply passivity was a political strategy. Donald Elabora ted, â€Å"Repeatedly throughout the war, Lincoln’s passive policy worked politically. Because any action would offend somebody, he took as few actions as possible†3 According to Neely, the language that Lincoln uses in addressing Americans has attracted admiration, imitation wonder globally. His shaped his words in public letters, papers, and proclamations. This was meant to explain the purpose of the war and inspire commitment. His stylist success should not blind us to the rather limited nature of these communications. There was little awareness of propaganda in Lincoln or his era and only a rather limited one of shaping public opinion. The stylistic success of the rhetoric is limited to the past nature of such communications. There were no counteractive propaganda tendencies among the Americans that could distort or compromise his rhetoric. Propaganda and criticism spread in the twentieth century with the enhancement of the advertisement sector. His rhetoric prowes s is evident in his first inaugural speech. During his first inaugural speech he introduced the theme through attempting to allay fears of the southern states. His words show that he had dreaded for this moment. According to Salem (2008), he went straight into assuring people that their property would not be snatched as earlier anticipated.4 The speech also indicated that he had no intention of abolishing the slave trade. This declaration portrays him as a leader concerned on the impact of interpretation of the law among the public over addressing the slaves’ peril. The first inaugural speech portrays him as a person concerned about changing the public opinion through making promises that would win their support. He had promised the states that they would be given the freedom to run their internal affairs which did not happen. A closer analysis of the speech confirms that he supported a unified nation and not a government made of independent states. The speech clearly brings out his secession fear and preservation of the unity government. However, he intended to uphold the government union without violence. His rhetoric goal was not only to express himself through the use of complicated grammar, but also capture the attention of the audience. Paying attention helps the audience to get an insight of the message being delivered. Lincoln denied of the existence of any differences between the Southerners and Northerners. 5This was meant to encourage people live in unity as equal residents of one nation. Some parts of the speech were

Cyberbullying A Social Problem Education Essay

Cyberbullying A Social Problem Education Essay An old school yard problem has taken on a new electronic face for the twenty first century. No longer is the bully confined to the halls of the high school, they are now going home with students in their cell phones and in their computer monitors. Cyberbullying has become a new trend with terribly destructive consequences. The effects of cyberbullying have been linked to negative academic, social and mental consequences for targets and perpetrators alike. Due to the fresh nature of the problem, schools and parents have had difficulty in developing programs and policies that effectively deal with these behaviors at home and at school. The following paper provides a sound discussion of this new phenomenon and offers proposals for educators and parents on how to address and prevent cyberbullying among youth. It is time we combat this social problem and take a stronger stand against cyberbullies. Definition and prevalence Cyberbullying is the willful and repeated harm inflicted through the medium of electronic communication (Hoff Mitchell, 2008). Victims of cyberbullying are targeted with threatening, degrading and/or sexually explicit messages and images in chat rooms, blogs, social networking sites, cell phones, instant messaging, etc. (Katzer, Fetchenhauer, Belschak, 2009). Recent studies have found that 95 percent of American teenagers between the ages of 12 and 18 have access to the Internet and 75 percent own cell phones (Cox Communications, 2009). Of these teens, 20 percent report experiencing some form of cyberbullying during their school careers. (Hinduja Patchin, 2007). The increased access and anonymity provided by these technologies have made it possible for perpetrators to easily harm a persons social standing, peer relationships and physical safety. Children are not the only ones affected by cyberbullying where adults are increasingly targeted by perpetrators. Cyberbullies have been k nown to create slam sites where individuals are ridiculed or rated in insulting ways, gather private financial details, and share personal information with organizations that advocate for child molestation. Cyberbullies also remotely access webcams and secretly record individuals without their knowledge or permission. These behaviors are increasingly pervasive and have consequences for every member of society if action is not taken. Costs of cyberbullying The costs of ignoring and failing to prevent cyberbullying have proved immense. Targets of cyberbullying display increased signs of anger, depression, anxiety and emotional distress (Smith, 2008). Victims may also exhibit signs of failing health and decreased academic performance. In extreme cases victims have dealt with their frustration through school shootings or by committing suicide. According to research, victims of cyberbullying are almost twice as likely to attempt suicide compared to those who have not endured such bullying (Hinduja Patchin, 2007). Children who cyberbully others have difficulty in communicating their emotions and lack appropriate methods of relieving aggression. Contrary to popular belief, cyberbullies are known to have high self-esteems and bully others in order to establish dominant social roles (Agatston, Kowalski Limber, 2007). This creates a power differential where cyberbullies feel superior to others who are unable to defend themselves. These childr en are more likely to engage in other forms of anti-social behavior such as vandalism, fighting, dropping out and using drugs (Hinduja Patchin, 2007). Nearly 25 percent of school bullies will also be convicted of a criminal offense in their adult years (Juvonen Gross, 2008). For the school, cyberbullying has been attributed to high absentee rates, poor student performance, low teacher morale and negative perceptions from the community. Schools have been targeted for failing to provide a safe learning environment and in some cases have been held responsible for the suicides of students who have been victimized (Hoff Mitchell, 2008). The most significant cost for schools are the lost opportunities of children that are affected by cyberbullying. Suggestions for schools. Schools must establish that any type of bullying is unacceptable and perpetrators will be punished. By adding cyberbullying into student codes of conduct, educators and students enter a contractual agreement where penalties can be applied. Currently it is difficult for teachers and administrators to punish cyberbullies so adding this definition to student handbooks will give educators cause for suspending or expelling offenders (Calhoun Daniels, 2008). This sends the message that this type of harassment will not be tolerated. Most policies involving cyberbullying are reactive and do not address why these behaviors occur. Schools are encouraged to employ programs that openly discuss the dangers of cyberbullying and what targets can do when they become victimized. The goal is to take a proactive step and prevent cyberbullying from ever occurring. In order for students to take a proactive stance on cyberbullying they must be educated that their online interactions have real life consequences. School officials can help by adding cyberbullying to existing curriculum in health classes and allowing law enforcement officials to speak at assemblies about the legal implications of cyberbullying. Informing students on how to deal with cyberbullies in a legal sense will likely deter students from engaging in cyberbullying (Smith, 2008). Schools can also implement further programs that discuss critical thinking and the dangers of bullying behavior. This can come in the form of assemblies with guest speakers that offer a message of hope for targets as well as bullies. Students will be provided with information on how to get help and how to prevent this type of treatment. These programs can also offer tips on how to avoid becoming a target for cyberbullying. Students are encouraged to never reveal personal information to anyone that they do not know. Cyberbullies have been known to pose as trusted friends online and trick targets into revealing potentially embarrassing information. Also, students will be informed of the potential legal implications of sending or transmitting nude pictures of minors under the age of 18 through cell phones or e-mail messages in what is known as sexting (Cox Communications, 2009). Teaching students how to protect themselves though smart usages of technology decreases the chance that they will be victimized in the future. With the enthusiasm behind social media, teachers have begun using sites like Facebook to provide an engaging educational experience for students when they are not at school (Diamanduros, 2008). This extension of the classroom will require students to friend the site giving teachers access to student accounts. The point here is not to spy, but to create an online presence for teachers which sends the message that students will be held accountable for their online behavior just as in real life. This will allow administrators to appropriately handle internet interactions that are in violation with the updated student codes of conduct. By creating an online learning environment students are encouraged to participate and share their ideas while refraining from acting irresponsibly. To prevent cyberbullying while at school, school computers must be updated with recent firewall software and search restrictions. Each computer should require that students login with their real names (not pseudonyms or handles) to ensure that violators can be easily traced. Any attempt to disable protective software or damage networks should be viewed the same as destruction of other school property and handled accordingly. Computers and technology access are a privilege at school and violations of these policies can result in these privileges being removed. Students should be informed that any electronic transmission created at school is subject to school rules including text messages, e-mails and phone calls. Ultimately, the lines of communication must be kept open between students and teachers. Students will be more willing to report cyberbullying if they know that school officials will actually do something about it (Diamanduros, 2008). Teachers need to be informed on how to handle bullying they witness in person and how to report it to the proper authorities. It is important that teachers also ask the assistance of school counselors who can get involved with a students parents and the situations they face at home. These measures will ensure that students remain willing to contact trusted adults when their efforts at defusing potentially dangerous situations are unsuccessful. Suggestions for parents. Parents must learn to recognize the warning signs that their child is a perpetrator or target of cyberbullying. Common characteristics of perpetrators include frequent computer use, especially at night, combined with loud bursts of laughter. Cyberbullies tend to be secretive and attempt to disguise what they were doing when adults enter the room (Dehue, 2008). Targets are known to become noticeably sad or angry following computer use and may abruptly stop using the computer. Additional signs of bullying victimization are the avoidance of friends, family and school (Hoff Mitchell, 2008). Parents should be aware of these signs and maintain a dialogue with children about what their lives are like and what happens to the child on a day to day basis. In the ever evolving social lives of youth it is important to allow children to continue use of electronic forms of communication. This has become an essential way for them to organize events and stay in contact. For this reason a child may be less willing to report instances of cyberbullying for fear that parents will restrict Internet of cell phone access (Hinduja Patchin, 2008). It is therefore important to not restrict use, but to set rules on appropriate online behavior and internet safety. This will make children more willing to report cyberbullying to trusted adults and authority figures. To further ensure that children are not engaging in cyberbullying parents need to make use of search filters and website blockers that restrict offensive material. An additional step would be to place the computer in a common area of the house. Upon learning of of cyberbullying, parents are encouraged to openly discuss what happened and the childs role in the situation. It is necessary to ke ep these lines of communication open to prevent future instances of cyberbullying. Parents are further encouraged to inform school officials and law enforcement of potential abuses of electronic communication. The school officials are trained to take the appropriate actions in dealing with bullying behavior and may provide useful suggestions. Since cyberbullying is often an extension of pre-existing traditional bullying at school, it is important that parents are willing to communicate with the school officials (Juvonen Gross, 2008). In cases involving threats of violence, sexual content, and other illegal activities parents should notify law enforcement. Internet service providers and cell phone companies can be used to provide evidence to report illegal and malicious content (Cox Communications, 2009). Even if these companies are able to obtain transmissions parents should encourage their children to save all e-mail and text messages that contain harmful content to further support criminal investigations. In addition, when a parent informs the community that the ir child has been a target of cyberbullying, it would likely make other parents more willing to monitor their childs electronic transactions. In order to fully grasp the complexities of electronic communication parents should create a presence online by using social media for their own uses. By parents creating a Facebook or MySpace page of their own, it may create a disincentive for children to engage in cyberbullying. This will familiarize parents with this type of communication and give them a chance to keep an eye on their childs internet activity. Most social networking sites provide tips for parents and children on internet safety, user agreements and how to report pages with malicious content. These pages are then removed and offenders are denied access. The more time that a parent spends educating themselves on electronic communication, the more tools they will have in preventing cyberbullying. Conclusion The best way to address and prevent the issue of cyberbullying is to take the appropriate measures when children are still in school. Providing them with the tools of how to be respectful and the consequences of cyberbullying will dissuade them from engaging or continuing these behaviors in adulthood. Educators and parents must be willing to take a stronger stand against this form of harassment and challenge the idea that bullying of any kind is a normal part of growing up. We have reached the point where we can no longer claim unfamiliarity with technology. We must be willing to embrace electronic communication to gain a better understanding of the issue. Computer and electronic competence are the most effective tools in combating cyberbullying.

The Unconstitutionality of the Communications Decency Act of 1996 Essay

The Unconstitutionality of the Communications Decency Act of 1996 The U.S. Congress passed the Telecommunications Act of 1996 on February 1, 1996. Title V of this Act was the Communications Decency Act, or CDA, whose main goal was to regulate pornography on the Internet. It was intended to be similar to the regulations that had already been passed allowing the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to regulate indecency on radio and Television (â€Å"Communications†). According to the Center for Democracy and Technology, the CDA prohibited â€Å"posting ‘indecent’ or ‘patently offensive’ materials in a public forum on the Internet – including web pages, newsgroups, chat rooms, or online discussion lists† (â€Å"Overview†). This could have potentially come to prohibit from the Internet some classic texts and other material which, although offensive to some, is protected in print under the First Amendment. It is also important to note that child pornography, which was a reason many supporte d the CDA, was already illegal under laws passed before the CDA (â€Å"Overview†). For these reasons, the CDA was challenged and ruled unconstitutional in a District Court in Pennsylvania, and the Supreme Court eventually upheld that decision (â€Å"Communications†). In what could almost be considered a primary source, David L. Sobel of the University of Florida College of Law outlined many arguments against the CDA. His article in the Journal of Technology Law and Policy (University of Florida College of Law) was written after the March 21, 1996 decision in the Philadelphia, PA District Court but before the case ever went to the Supreme Court in Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union on June 26, 1997 (Sobel). It is interesting to note that many of Sobel’s ar... ...cessed 6 November 2004. http://www.cdt.org/speech/cda/ â€Å"Communications Decency Act.† Wilkipedia Online Encyclopedia. Online. Accessed 6 November 2004. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communications_Decency_Act. Sobel, David L. â€Å"The Constitutionality of the Communications Decency Act: Censorship on the Internet.† Journal of Technology Law and Policy (University of Florida College of Law). 1:1, Spring 1996. Online. Accessed 6 November 2004. http://journal.law.ufl.edu/~techlaw/1/sobel.html Stevens, John Paul. â€Å"Opinion of the Court: Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania.† Argued: March 19. 1997 --- Decided: June 26, 1997. Legal Information Institute. Online. Accessed 6 November 2004. http://supct.law.cornell.edu/supct/search/display.html?terms=CDA&url=/supct/html/histo rics/USSC_CR_0521_0844_ZO.html

Accountable Care Organizations, Bundled Payments, and Health Reform Essay

With the enactment of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) in March 2010, health care reform has become the law. The legislation will extend health care coverage to more citizens, stabilize health insurance markets, enhance regulation and consumer protection, and improve the affordability and quality of health care in the United States. Changes in payment system of health care proposed by PPACA have led to the development of Accountable Care Organization (ACO). This paper will address how ACOs and the bundled payments system will impact the future of health care. See more: Strategic Management Process Essay The ACO is a health care organization which provides accountability for quality, cost, and care for medical beneficiaries with single entity providers that are responsible for delivering care. The ACO-model builds on the Medicare Physician Group Practice Demonstration and the Medicare Health Care Quality Demonstration, established by the Medicare Prescription Drugs Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003. Under the Affordable Care Act, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Service (HHS) released new rules that benefit doctors, hospitals, and other health care providers of better care for Medicare patients through ACOs on March 31, 2011(U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, 2001). According to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services’ (CMS) administrator Donald Berwick, MD, â€Å"An ACO will be rewarded for providing better care and investing in the health and lives of patients. ACOs are not just a new way to pay for care but a new model for the organization and delivery of care† (Penton Media., 2011). The new model, which is called the â€Å"Pioneer Accountable Care Organization,† is to improve the quality of care for Medicare Fee-For-Service (FFS) beneficiaries  (Medicare Parts A and B) and reduce unnecessary costs through establishing a shared savings program, which promotes accountability for Medicare FFS beneficiaries. It requires coordinating care for services provided under Medicare FFS and encourages investments in infrastructure, and it redesigns care processes. Regarding the differences, the Pioneer ACO payment model incorporates a population-based payment in the third year of the ACO’s Participation Agreement. This population-based payment will replace fifty percent of the FFS payments (McDermott & Emery, 2011). The Pioneer ACO model is estimated to save Medicare as much as $430 million over three years by coordinating with private payers to reduce costs for Medicare beneficiaries and improve health outcomes. An ACO may engage in either a Shared Savings Program or in the Pioneer ACO model. In addition, the Pioneer ACO model is separated from the Medicare Shared Savings Program for Medicare beneficiaries by the Advance Payment Initiative (Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation Center, 2011). ACOs require the ability to manage cost and quality for patients across the continued extent of care and across different associational settings. They also require the capability to plan budgets and resources needed to allocate payments, and the commensurable size of primary care providers for Medicare patients’ populations assigned to the ACOs (at least 5,000 Medicare or 15,000 commercial patients). According to the Journal of the American Medical Association, doctors Shortell and Casalino recommend a three-tiered system of qualification for ACOs (Shortell, S. and Casalino, L., 2010). The tiers will be based on the degree of financial risk acceptable for ACOs and the degree of financial rewards that can be completed by performance targets. In the first tier, ACOs will receive FFS payment with shared savings for providing quality care at lower than the expenditure targets. In the second tier, ACOs will receive bundled payments and episode of care based payments for managing costs and achieving benchmarks. They will be accountable for care that meets these criteria. In the third tier, ACOs will receive partial and global capitation payments. Under a three tiered structure, ACO providers will submit a three-year plan to the HHS or CMS for achieving qualification status at the varied levels. The U.S Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) announced the â€Å"Bundling Payment for Care Improvement Initiative† to coordinate payments for services delivered across an episode of care, such as a cardiac bypass or a hip replacement, on August 23, 2011 (Vendome Group, LLC, 2011). The definition of bundled payments refers to a single payment for all care related to an entire treatment or condition. Bundled payments, also called episode-base payments or case-rate payments are considered as a mechanism for improving both cost and quality, such as currently exist with Geisinger Proven Care and the Prometheus Payment system (Dark,Cedric., 2011). Bundled Payments do benefit physicians and hospitals if patients complete their medical treatments within a certain time period because it will save the physicians and hospitals additional costs. However, it is a disadvantage for physicians and hospitals if the treatment takes longer than the traditional time because it will cost more money to care for patients. Unfortunately, its emphasis is less about improving care and more about reducing the financing for medical care (Gorman Health Group Blog, 2011). This means hospitals, physicians, and other practitioners will have to take their own approach to improving the delivery of healthcare, which should benefit Medicare patients. The goal of the initiative is to increase efficiency of care, improve quality of care, and lower costs. This initiative consists of four different bundled payment models. The first three bundled payment models are retrospective payment arrangements based on patients’ historical data. However, the fourth model is proposed for the future. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) make a single bundled payment to the hospital for all services during inpatient stays for hospitals, physicians, and other medical professional specialists. In the first model, the episode of care is the length of time the inpatient stays in the acute care hospital. Medicare pays the hospital a discounted payment based on the payment rates established under the Inpatient Prospective Payment System (IPPS), which starts at zero percent for the first six months and then rises to a minimum of two percent in the third year, based on the IPPS. Physicians are paid under the Medicare Physician  Fee Schedule. Hospitals and physicians are to share in any costs. This model benefits Medicare patients by reducing their costs, but not hospitals and physicians because they must share in any expenditures. The second model, which is also based on IPPS, is different from the first model because it includes inpatient and post-acute care from either 30 or 90 days following discharge. This bundled payment includes physicians’ services, post-acute care, readmissions, and other related services, which can be clinical laboratory services, medical equipment, prosthetics, orthotics, other supplies, and Part B drugs. The minimum discount is three percent for the first 30 to 90 days after discharge and two percent for more than 90 days. The Medicare enrollee is to share the costs if the total payments are less than the target price. However, the provider will be responsible for payment coverage if the total payments exceed the target costs. This model uses an incentive discount for Medicare patients to spend less time in rehabilitation versus the first model which has no early rehabilitation discount. However, this model does not give an advantage to hospitals and physicians because it encourages Medicare patients to leave medical services sooner. The third model begins at discharge from an acute facility if less than 30 days are spent in rehabilitation. These bundled payments are the same as the second model with the exception of a discounted rate, which Medicare enrollees are required to set up instead of CMS, since CMS has not indicated an expected discount for medical service (Becker, Epstein & Green, P.C, 2011). In the fourth model, which is the only perspective model, hospitals will receive a single bundled payment from CMS that covers all medical services by hospital, physicians, and other medical professional specialists. The minimum discount will be three percent of the estimated total costs for the episode care (Proskauer Rose, 2011). The bundled payments are more hospital-centric than ACOs’ program. However, ACOs’ focus will be on how hospitals and physicians will share reimbursements in a post-fee-for-service payment system. Therefore, Medicare beneficiaries will benefit the most but hospitals and physicians will not. Future ACOs include: Integrated Delivery Systems, Multispecialty Group Practice (MSGP), Hospital Medical Staff Organization (HMSO), Physician-Hospital Organizations (PHO), Interdependent Practice Organization (IPO), and the Health Plan Provider Organization or Network (Charles DeShazer, 2011). However, most physicians work in very small practices that would not likely have the resources to develop the capacities to be an ACO. In an ACO-based health care organization, these small practices would either merge into new or already existing specialty group practice, or would engage in an ACO that facilitates clinical integration among small practices. Many physicians may still prefer smaller practices, and under comprehensive healthcare reform may continue to exist. In ACOs completely based on the quality and cost of care, the market may decide whether virtually integrated systems can succeed in competition with systems where physicians are merged into large group practices. Moreover, specialist physicians are creating medium sized or even larger single specialized groups. However, a single specialty group cannot serve as an ACO for full patients care but can be an essential element of an ACO or can be a crucial source of medical care through referrals. In Integrated delivery systems (IDS), medical care is coordinated and reimbursed within the system to make patient care more efficient while improving access to and the quality of the care received. Some examples are: Cleveland Clinic, Henry Ford Health System, Mayo Clinic, Scott & White Clinic, and so on. However, a recent report indicates that challenges may still remain. IDS face lack of compensation from health insurance providers for care coordination services as well as difficulties in finding specialty care, such as mental health care and changes in management and physician cultures in adopting the new organization (United States Government Accountability Office, 2011). The promising advantages of the multispecialty group practice (MSGP) model were recognized in 1932. As stated in the Physician’s Advocate(2008), â€Å"These advantages include having the resources to redesign care processes, take advantage of economies of scale to implement electronic medical records, form health care teams, obtain database feedback on performance gaps, and make the changes needed to improve care† (Physician’s Advocate, 2008). Some evidence indicates that multispecialty group practices do make the most of recommended care management processes like electronic information technology, as well as sharing in quality improvement medical services. Therefore, MSGPs provide better quality care for preventive measures involving screening tests and diabetes management than smaller forms of practices. Moreover, studies also indicate lower Medicare spending on patients related to multispecialty or hospital associated groups than other patients. However, it is unlikely that MSGPs will become the major organization form in the United States health care system since it is so expensive to implement. HMSO, more than 800,000 physicians that currently practice in the United States are members of hospital medical staffs (Carroll, 2011). The hospital medical staff organization can serve as ACOs for either inpatient or outpatient care. Studies indicate that most physicians have primary relationships with a single hospital to form a stronger partnership entity between physicians and their primary hospital (Fisher and et al., 2006). Hospitals have resources to support adopting electronic medical records (EMR), provide performance and accountability data, and assist quality improvement support for physicians. Bundled payments for specific medical conditions or episodes of sickness, such as a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), hip or knee replacement (Massachusetts Medical Society, 2008) will provide incentives for hospitals and physicians to work together to reduce Medicare costs (Welch, WP and ME Miller, 1994). This model will have future advantages for chronic illness treatment as we ll as episodes of care since physicians and hospitals work together closely to monitor patients’ long term care. However, the HMSOs encounter challenges including leadership of the diverse cultures of hospitals and physicians and legal restrictions to obtain sharing (Primary Care Associates., 2008). An alternative of the MSGP model is the PHO. Hospitals and physicians work together to ensure cost-effective and steady system delivery of medical services and the provisions of the health care services to the patients. There are approximately one thousand PHOs in the United States and most are managed organizations with the goals of achieving and managing the quality  and cost of care (Nixon Peabody LLP., 2010). Under the Affordable Care Act, the contracting PHO model can emerge into an entity that will manage the quality and cost of care. Without meeting the needs of all physicians, this model has the advantage and the incentive of improving performance. With the HMSOs, the hospital will provide resources for EMR, performance reporting, quality improvement, and process management support. However, PHOs must be clinically integrated to avoid anti-trust laws (Casalino, Lawrence P., 2006). A fifth model is the Interdependent Practice Organization (IPO), which is an advancement for those physicians who practice in small organizations or who do not wish to be part of larger organizations for delivering care. The interdependent practice organization is based on an association of physicians in numerous independent practices. IPOs are capable of providing high quality, better care, although most of these organizations are loosely organized (Rittenhouse and et al., 2004). The future IPO model requires strong leadership, administration, and enough patients across individual practices to support financing of technology infrastructure and management systems. IPO models might be attractive to physicians practicing in rural areas. With given sufficient incentives, existing IPOs can became independent organizations by strengthening their management structure and developing a solid shared culture of performance improvement. These requirements are challenges since IPOs are composed of many small practices. The last model, the Health Plan-Provider Organization or Network (HPPO/HPPN) is similar to the IPO. It is based on an association of independent physician practices. The health plan will be the major financial assets to encourage a more cost-effective health care delivery system. Many have capabilities in disease management, electronic information technology implementation, and quality improvement entities that can be used effectively in collaboration with physicians. Some physician practices may participate with health plans rather than local hospitals. Health plans can be part of a smaller physician’s practice and become the unit of accountability of performance. However, the success of this model will depend on an individual physician’s leadership (Shortell and et al., 2008). The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) released final rules and new opportunities for financial support for doctors, hospitals, and health care providers to work together to improve the care of Medicare patients by adopting ACOs on October 20, 2011. The new rules provide for a new voluntary Medicare Shared Savings Program. Providers will be able to participate in an ACO and share in the savings with Medicare. ACOs will reward providers for reducing the costs and meeting quality measures, such as reducing hospital readmissions or emergency room visits. Providers will begin to share in savings based on how they perform in thirty-three quality measurements in the second and third performance years. Medicare beneficiaries will be a part of the ACO system when they form. Moreover, community health centers and Rural Health Clinics (RHCs) will be allowed to participate in the ACO programs (Galewitz, Phil and Jenny Gold., 2011). To appeal to providers, CMS will provide physician-owned and rural providers early access to the expected saving of up to $170 million dollars, so providers can start ACOs right away. At the same time, the Antitrust Division of the Department of Justice issued the entire final rules that will allow providers to participate in the Medicare Shared Savings Program. In addition, the final rules will no longer require a mandatory antitrust review for collaborations as a condition of entry into Shared Saving Program (Department of Justice, 2011). Electronic health record (EHR) usage is no longer a condition of participation to prompt more RHCs and other programs to join (Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation Center, 2011). Moreover, CMS will assist agencies in monitoring the care and quality of performance of ACOs. The program will save up to $940 million dollars over four years (U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, 2001). Patients or Medicare beneficiaries are encouraged to select an ACO as their medical center. ACOs can be used for result-based payments, public report purposes, and claim-based payments which retrospectively allow patients to join who have not adopted ACOs. This advances patients’ choices and encourages ACOs to coordinate their patients’ care to treat patients equally. Because physicians are not required to be part of ACOs, physicians  can still be paid with the Shared Saving Programs used by Medicare, Medicaid, and other commercial health plans. They also can be eligible to achieve quality-based rewards. In addition, physicians and hospitals that are part of ACOs can have both obtainable rewards for improving quality and controlling costs; however, there is more inevitable risk. Furthermore, bundled payments for certain services and procedures, using a combination of capitation, result-based payments, and readmissions, gain sharing between physicians and hospitals tha t can be adopted within ACOs. Physicians also can benefit from the assistance that ACOs can provide with electronic health records and with implementation of established processes to improve quality and efficiency. Health reform will be needed in laws and regulations for the Stark law, anti-kickback statuses, fraud and abuse, anti-trusts, scope of practices, and the corporate practice of medicine. However, the final rules were relaxed and established waivers for the physicians’ self-referral law, the federal anti-kickback status, and certain penalties to encourage the participation in the Medicare Shared Saving Program and the Advance Payment Initiative (FierceHealthcare, 2011). Therefore, more medical providers will be regulated by the programs. In the past, healthcare leadership has relied on organizational structure to deliver higher quality at lower costs, which has not succeeded in improving neither efficiency nor performance. In fact, they have increased the problems that they intended to address. Neither diagnostic related groups (DRG) nor Health Managed Organizations created a shared achievement for all parties. Provider profit motivation lacked the pressure of medical beneficiaries to protect quality while minimizing costs. While each DRG and resource based relative-value unit encouraged providers to focus on provision without interventions, HMOs and other managed providers encouraged providers to minimize intervention, regardless of whether managing could delay the quality or completeness of patient care (Numberof, 2011). Ignoring the minimal role that patient demand plays in driving market completion among providers, the current and past medical health care system has decreased accountability for quality of medical care. ACOs were established to fix the inadequate accountability for wasteful  spending and quality of patient care. The PPACA provisions are consumer based solutions; however, they do not allow patients to have fully informed choices about their coverage and medical care (Numberof, 2011). Employers, who contract with insurers, apply with providers; therefore, accomplishment is limited. However, many physicians are reluctant to assume accountability for patient outcomes, since they admit that outcome is directly under the behavioral control of the patient. Furthermore, it seems that provider contracts could be integrated to a successful ACO in a shared savings program; providers continue to receive funding for each service they perform. Even with the possibility of a bonus from shared-savings, maintaining the FFS system boosts providers into continuing delivering an excess of services. In addition, ACOs, which are a single untested model, are largely hospital based. Eligibility requirements are larger and more involved for ACO organizations. Larger organizations are able to consolidate their markets; however, this consolidation may result in less competition. Therefore, large delivery organizations may become too big to fail but will increase advantages for patients. Without competition, the organizations might have little incentive to reduce the costs or improve quality of medical care. Enduring health reform has to cover the uninsured without exception or conditions. As Victor Fuchs, professor at Stanford University mentions â€Å"It [Enduring health reform] must improve efficiency in medical practice by providing physicians with the information, infrastructure, and incentive they need to deliver cost effective care† (Fuchs, 2010). Information will come from the electronic health records, a process that will be amped up by the HITECH Act, which is part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Leyva, Carlos and Deborah Leyva, 2009). Electronic health records will benefit providers with more accurate real-time data on patients as well as provide analyses on drug responses and provide support to improve the quality of medical care. Health information Exchange (HIE) can enhance information from a wide databases and allow that information to be shared through various technology by providers. This allows related patient information to be shared withi n EMR with the provider who needs that information (Southern New Hampshire Health System, 2011). Furthermore, the  Patients Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) will offer physicians and patients new information of varied medical technology. Atul Grover, chief advocacy officer for the Association of American Medical Colleges, notes â€Å"It will be an evidence synthesis that really considers different populations and different diseases and tries to get more information to clinicians as they go about doing their daily work† (Marathon Medical Communications, Inc, 2010). The integration of the PCORI will enhance information so that physicians and patients can choose the appropriate test and treatment based on the patients’ condition. Moreover, infrastructure reform will enhance horizontal collocation within providers and monitor patients consistently. Health care reform strengthens greater integration through the redesign of delivery systems such as medical homes and ACOs for physicians. Recent studies suggest that better coordination of care can reduce readmission rates for major chronic sicknesses (Hernandez, AF, 2011). In addition, the PPACA will give incentives for hospitals to support proven practices that essentially reduce their rates (Foster, 2010). Likewise, the PPACA’s pilot program involving bundling payments will bring physicians and hospitals an incentive to allocate care for patients with chronic illnesses. Most essentially, PPACA admits that health reform that brings ACOs as the delivery system is an ongoing process requiring continuous adjustment. The PCORI will develop new medical tests, drugs, and other treatment that will provide continuously updated information for physicians and patients. Over the next decade, similarly, the Innovation Center in the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid will be establishing and evaluating new policies and programs that will enhance the quality of care for Medicare beneficiaries and reduce costs. PPACA not only will expand health care coverage to millions of Americans but also will enact many policies to reduce the amount of costs for health care by bringing ACOs as the delivery system, which will reduce the costs of health care over time. By enacting ACOs as a Primary Care Provider (PCP), PPACA provides the most effective medical care support possible. Moreover, by adopting the bundled payment approach, physicians, hospitals, and other providers will be able to reduce the costs for Medicare beneficiaries.  Therefore, the public should embrace the new health care proposal to reduce their costs and improve the quality of their medical care. References Becker, Epstein & Green, P.C (2011) â€Å"HEALTH REFORM: CMS Innovation Center Announces Four Models in Bundled Payments for Care Improvement Initiative,† Retrieved from http://www.ebglaw.com/showclientalert.aspx?Show=14876 Carroll, Aaron. (2011, June 3). â€Å"Meme-busting: Doctors are all leaving Canada to practice in the U.S.,† Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/ezra-klein/post/meme-busting-doctors-are-all-leaving-canada-to-practice-in-the-us/2011/06/03/AGVdAuHH_blog.html Casalino, Lawrence P. (2006) â€Å"The Federal Trade Commission, Clinical Integration, and the Organization of Physician Practice,† Journal of Health Policy, Politics, and Law, Retrieved from http://www.ftc.gov/os/comments/aco/2006jhppl.pdf Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation Center (2011) â€Å"Pioneer ACO Application,† Retrieved from http://innovations.cms.gov/areas-of-focus/seamless-and-coordinated-care-models/pioneer-aco-application/index.html Center for Med icare and Medicaid Innovation Center (2011) â€Å"final ACO rule,† Retrieved from http://www.cms.gov/aco/downloads/Appendix-ACO-Table.pdf Department of Justice, the Antitrust Division and the Federal Trade Commission (2011) â€Å"Background Documents,† Retrieved from http://www.justice.gov/atr/public/health_care/276458.pdf DeShazer, Charles. (2011) â€Å"Accountable Care Organization (ACO) Tutorial,† Retrieved from http://www.slideshare.net/cdeshazer/accountable-care-organization-aco-tutorial Dark, Cedric (2011) â€Å"Quality over Quantity: Reforming Payment,† Retrieved from http://www.policyprescriptions.org/?p=2066 FierceHealthcare, (2011) â€Å"CMS, OIG to relax self-referral, anti-kickback laws with ACO waivers,† Retrieved from http://www.fiercehealthcare.com/story/cms-oig-relax-self-referral-anti-kickback-laws-aco-waivers/2011-10-21 Foster, David. (2010) â€Å"Healthcare Reform: Pending Changes to Reimbursement for 30-Day Readmission,† Retrieved from http://thomsonreuters.com/content/healthcare/pdf/pending_changes_reimbursements Fuchs, Victor (2010) â€Å"Health Care Reform,† Retrieved from http://siepr.stanford.edu/system/files/shared/Health_care_document.pdf